AP World History Quarter 1 Exam Q&A

AP World History Quarter 1 Exam What accounts for the initial breakthroughs to civilization - Agricultural Revolution and a growing density of population What was the role of cities in the early civilizations - Political/administrative capitals, marketplaces, and manufacturing In what ways was the social inequality expressed in early civilization? - Lower-class people's taxes were going to upper-class people and people could own slaves In what ways have historians tried to explain the origins of patriarchy? - Plow-based agriculture made it difficult for women to work out in the field and because women were usually the first to be sold into slavery after being captured in war, there was a need for male-only armies How did Mesopotamian and Egyptian patriarchy differ from each other? - Women were legally equal to men in Egypt, but inferior to men in Mesopotamia What were the sources of state authority in the First Civilizations? - Violence, religion, propaganda, taxes In what ways did Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations differ from each other? - They had different political organization styles, religious beliefs, and views on women In what ways were Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations shaped by their interactions with near and distant neighbors? - Mesopotamians and Egyptians got the idea of chariots from the Hittites after battling with them How might you assess - both positively and negatively - the role of empires in the history of the second-wave era? (Pros and cons) - Pros: Brought people of different traditions and religions together, stimulated the exchange of ideas, cultures, and values, imposed substantial periods of peace and security, fostered economic and artistic development, commercial exchange, and cultural mixing, and also defined masculinity Cons: Used violence, oppression, and exploitation against peopleq How did Persian and Greek civilizations differ in their political organization and values? - Persia: Monarchy, king believed to have been chosen by a god (Ahura Mazda), 23 satraps governed the 23 provinces of Persia Greece: Independent city-states, which were democracies, every male citizen voted on different matters What were the consequences for both sides of the encounter between the Persians and the Greeks? - Led to the western worldview in which Persia represented Asia and despotism, whereas Greece signified Europe and freedom and also radicalized Athenian democracy What changes did Alexander's conquest bring in their wake? - Because of his huge conquest, the Greek culture spread from the Mediterranean to India and lots of cultural blending occurred How did Rome grow from a single city to a monarchy? - It was originally a monarchy, but after an overthrow by aristocrats, it turned into a republic. The Romans then began to slowly build and empire by taking control of the Italian peninsula, and then Spain, Britain, North Africa, and Egypt Why was the Chinese empire able to shape so quickly, while that of the Romans took centuries? - China already had a huge population, all they had to do was reunify as an empire