Pharmacology Final Exam Study Guide 2023, Complete Solution
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Course
Pharmacology
Institution
Pharmacology
Pharmacology Final Exam Study Guide 2023, Complete Solution
Why do we do the 5 rights when giving medications?
1. right drug
2. right person
3. right dose
4. right route
5. right time
To ensure patient safety
How many patient identifiers do we need?
We need 2 patient identifiers to ens...
complete solution why do we do the 5 rights when giving medications 1 right drug 2 right person 3 right dose 4 right route 5 right time to ensure pati
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Pharmacology Final Exam Study Guide
2023, Complete Solution
Why do we do the 5 rights when giving medications?
1. right drug
2. right person
3. right dose
4. right route
5. right time
To ensure patient safety
How many patient identifiers do we need?
We need 2 patient identifiers to ensure that it is the correct patient
How do you give sublingual nitroglycerin
Have patient put medication underneath their tongue while sitting or lying down
3 doses within 15 minutes with each dose being 3-5 minutes apart
Kept away from light in a container
Systolic must remain above 90
Benefit of giving a transdermal patch?
Gives the medication a constant level, where the levels in the body do not fluctuate as
much
Trough levels
Lowest plasma concentration of a drug and it measures the rate at which the drug is
eliminated from the body
Rate of elimination
Drawn immediately before the next dose is given
What drugs do you draw trough levels for?
Drugs that have a narrow therapeutic index
Therapeutic index
Estimates the margin of safety for a drug using a ratio that measures the effective
therapeutic dose in 50% of people and the lethal dose in 50% of people
Closer the number to 1 the higher the likelihood of danger
What drugs do you draw peak and trough levels for?
Digoxin
Aminoglycosides
What are peak levels
Rate of absoprtion
, If someone has reoccurring infections and they keep taking antibiotics and they
are no longer working what has happened?
They have developed acquired bacterial resistance
Onset of action
Time it takes for a drug to reach the minimum effective concentration after a drug is
administered (MEC)
How are drug doses perscribed
According to the % that the drug does not bind to protein
Any amount of the drug that does not bind to protein has an effect, if it is bound to
protein it cannot do anything
Half-life of a drug
Time it takes for half of the drug concentration to be eliminated
650mg aspirin half-life: 3hrs it would take 3 hours for 325 to be left and 6 hours for
162mg to be left and so on
Benefits of using a generic drug?
Cost effective
Who governs all drug administration by nurses?
Nurse practice acts: every state has its own laws
Native American view about time
They are concentrated about today, not tomorrow
Exhibit less dependence on a strict time schedule for economic and social activities
Present measures to ease comfort not long term wellness, and more likely to
discontinue meds after feeling better
What drugs are metabolized differently in African Americans and therefore are
not as effective?
Antihyperstensive agents
Beta blocker, and ACE inhibitors
Drug interaction
Altered or modified action or effect of a drug as a result of interaction with one or
multiple drugs
Antagonistic: Cancels out another drug
Synergistic: More effective together
If pt is taking a medication and starts taking an OTC drug as well and states that
the prescription drug is no longer working, why is it no longer working?
Because of a drug interaction
Anti ulcer drug semedadine/tagment is a?
Hepatic enzyme inhibitor
Used for ulcers
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