HESI Anatomy and Physiology (Answered)
Complete Solution
Histology
the study of tissues
Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis and meiosis are the ways that cells reproduce. During mitosis, a cell duplicates
its DNA and divides into two identical cells called daughter cells. Meiosis, on the other
hand, produces four daughter cells that have only half of the chromosomes that the
parent cell has. Meiosis is the form of cell duplication that produces eggs and sperm.
Skin
membrane because it covers the body ; organ because it contains several kinds of
tissues.
skeletal system
Functions to support, permit movement, form blood cells (homeopoiesis), protect
internal organs, detoxify, point for muscle attachment, mineral storage (particularly
phosphorous and calcium)
Muscular System
Consists of skeletal muscles and tendons that connect muscles to bone, and ligaments
which attach bones to each other to form joints. Cardiac and smooth muscles are not
included in this organ system.
Nervous System
Composed of neurons (cell, axon, dendrite), central nervous system (brain, spinal cord),
peripheral nervous system (nerves of the body). Recieves, interpretes and transmits
impulses and responses. Responsible for sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing (five
senses), heart rate, breathing, speech, movement
Endocrine system
Consists of a group of ductless glands that secrete substances called hormones directly
into the bloodstream. Hormones are powerful chemical substances that have a
profound effect on many body processes such as metabolism, growth and development,
reproduction, personality, and the ability of the body to react to stress and disease.
Circulatory system
The human body system that contains the heart, blood, and all of the blood vessels. It
delivers all the nutrients to the cells
Respiratory System
A system of organs, functioning in the process of gas exchange between the body and
the environment, consisting especially of the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
Digestive System
3 main functions - break down food mechanically & chemically, absorb important
molcules for the body needs, & eliminates wastes
Urinary System
Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Removes waster material (urine)
from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration.
Reproductive system
, (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penis, ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus,
vagina) produces reproductive cells, nurtures and protects developing embryo in
females
Alimentary Canal
Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive tract, the alimentary canal
is the long muscular "tube" that includes the mouth esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, and large intestine.
anatomic position
The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward. The
anatomic position is of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference for
anatomic nomenclature. Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial and
lateral, and abduction and adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic
position.
Anterior
Front or Ventral
appendicular skeleton
126 bones that make up the shoulder girdle, arms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs, and
hands.
arterioles
Extremely small arteries that result from multiple branching of major arteries. Function
to direct and control blood flow and to reduce blood pressure
Axial Skelton
rts the central axis of the body. Consists of the sku
bolus
A term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixed with saliva.food is
swallowed and passed from the esophagus into the stomach, where digestion continues
with the mixing of chyme with hydrochloric acid, enzyme action, and intrinsic factor.
Cell
Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its
surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life.
Cerebellum
BALANCE, physical, emotional, cognitive, social;the "little brain" attached to the rear of
the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating
movement output and balance
Chyme
A pulpy mixture of food and gastric juices. Produced in the stomach, from which it
passes to the small intestine
Dermis
- the layer of the skin just below the epidermis, contains bundles of collogen, nerve
fibres, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands & hair follicles
Distal
opposite of proximal; a particular body part is farther from the trunk or farther from
another specified point of reference than another part
Epidermis
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium containing 4 distinct types of cells,
melanocytes(pigment)merkel cells(touch receptors)ketatinocytes(produce keratin) and
Complete Solution
Histology
the study of tissues
Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis and meiosis are the ways that cells reproduce. During mitosis, a cell duplicates
its DNA and divides into two identical cells called daughter cells. Meiosis, on the other
hand, produces four daughter cells that have only half of the chromosomes that the
parent cell has. Meiosis is the form of cell duplication that produces eggs and sperm.
Skin
membrane because it covers the body ; organ because it contains several kinds of
tissues.
skeletal system
Functions to support, permit movement, form blood cells (homeopoiesis), protect
internal organs, detoxify, point for muscle attachment, mineral storage (particularly
phosphorous and calcium)
Muscular System
Consists of skeletal muscles and tendons that connect muscles to bone, and ligaments
which attach bones to each other to form joints. Cardiac and smooth muscles are not
included in this organ system.
Nervous System
Composed of neurons (cell, axon, dendrite), central nervous system (brain, spinal cord),
peripheral nervous system (nerves of the body). Recieves, interpretes and transmits
impulses and responses. Responsible for sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing (five
senses), heart rate, breathing, speech, movement
Endocrine system
Consists of a group of ductless glands that secrete substances called hormones directly
into the bloodstream. Hormones are powerful chemical substances that have a
profound effect on many body processes such as metabolism, growth and development,
reproduction, personality, and the ability of the body to react to stress and disease.
Circulatory system
The human body system that contains the heart, blood, and all of the blood vessels. It
delivers all the nutrients to the cells
Respiratory System
A system of organs, functioning in the process of gas exchange between the body and
the environment, consisting especially of the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
Digestive System
3 main functions - break down food mechanically & chemically, absorb important
molcules for the body needs, & eliminates wastes
Urinary System
Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Removes waster material (urine)
from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration.
Reproductive system
, (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penis, ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus,
vagina) produces reproductive cells, nurtures and protects developing embryo in
females
Alimentary Canal
Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive tract, the alimentary canal
is the long muscular "tube" that includes the mouth esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, and large intestine.
anatomic position
The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward. The
anatomic position is of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference for
anatomic nomenclature. Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial and
lateral, and abduction and adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic
position.
Anterior
Front or Ventral
appendicular skeleton
126 bones that make up the shoulder girdle, arms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs, and
hands.
arterioles
Extremely small arteries that result from multiple branching of major arteries. Function
to direct and control blood flow and to reduce blood pressure
Axial Skelton
rts the central axis of the body. Consists of the sku
bolus
A term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixed with saliva.food is
swallowed and passed from the esophagus into the stomach, where digestion continues
with the mixing of chyme with hydrochloric acid, enzyme action, and intrinsic factor.
Cell
Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its
surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life.
Cerebellum
BALANCE, physical, emotional, cognitive, social;the "little brain" attached to the rear of
the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating
movement output and balance
Chyme
A pulpy mixture of food and gastric juices. Produced in the stomach, from which it
passes to the small intestine
Dermis
- the layer of the skin just below the epidermis, contains bundles of collogen, nerve
fibres, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands & hair follicles
Distal
opposite of proximal; a particular body part is farther from the trunk or farther from
another specified point of reference than another part
Epidermis
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium containing 4 distinct types of cells,
melanocytes(pigment)merkel cells(touch receptors)ketatinocytes(produce keratin) and
