Summary WGU C272 Notebook Activities 2023 Complete Solutions Verified
Jerome Bruner
Believes children encounter a series of developmental stages as they mature
Ella Flagg Young
First female president of the National Education Association
Jean Piaget
Four stage theory of cognitive developmen...
summary wgu c272 notebook activities 2023 complete solutions verified jerome bruner believes children encounter a series of developmental stages as they mature ella flagg young first female president
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Summary WGU C272 Notebook Activities 2023 Complete
Solutions Verified
Jerome Bruner
Believes children encounter a series of developmental stages as they mature
Ella Flagg Young
First female president of the National Education Association
Jean Piaget
Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor, 2. preoperational, 3.
concrete operational, and 4. formal operational
Booker T. Washington
African american educator who founded Tuskegee institute
B.F. Skinner
behavioral theory
Robert Havighurst
Believes children must master specific developmental tasks to develop normally
Benjamin Bloom
Predict Learning Outcomes
Frederick Douglass
Improved vocational education
Maria Montessori
Developed theory and methods for educating young children. independent work. child
size furniture
Lev Vygotsky
social development theory (of child cognitive development)
John Dewey
Progressive educator. Educational philosophy of progressivism
Explain the education system in the Northern colony
*Started with Dame schools to teach the 3 "R's", then primary schools, then Latin
grammar schools for the wealthy that did well in school, then some went on to college
(first college was Harvard)
*Started with Dame School, often in a woman's kitchen to teach the 3 R's
*Then Latin Grammar schools (for boys) for the wealthy, classic curriculum with classic
languages & literature. Mostly Latin and some Greek
*The ones that did well in school went on to college. The first college that opened was
Harvard in 1636
*Benjamin Franklin purposed academies in 1751 and the first one was opened later that
year. English Schools that covered a broader, practiccal curriculum.
Explain the impact of the Old Deluder Satan Act law
*Passed in 1647
*Its name refers to the importance of being able to read and write so that children would
not be deluded by Satan, but have a strong understanding of their religion.
*It required towns of 50 or more families to employ a paid teacher and towns with 100
families or more had to have an established school
The Troy Academy
,a school for women, established in 1821 by Emma Willard
Oberlin College
first institution to offer co-education with both men and women
The "Eight-Year Study"
conducted in the US in 1930 determined that the progressive approach produced more
intellectual curiosity and higher levels of critical thinking
Horace Mann
*Secretary of Massachusetts Commission to Improve Education
*Big participant in the Common School Movement
*Father of American education
How are Horace Mann and Henry Barnard similar?
Common School Movement-the movement to provide universal education and schools
that would serve all children at public expense
First FREE secondary school was established in 1827
Henry Barnard
believed in common school movement
from Connecticut
Four specific areas of philosophy that influenced the work of teachers
Aesthetics, Ethics, Logic, Epistemology
Philosophy raises questions instead of solving them
The Dynamic Relationship between Philosophy and Education
*Applying philosophy to the classroom
*Use philosophy to develop ideas and govern decisions about teaching and learning
*Clarify how curriculum, instruction, and assessment work
*Build on the philosophies of others
Teacher Centered Philosophies
*Responsibility placed on the teacher
*Truth, goodness best understood by authority figure
*Students master and follow directions of experts
*Includes Essentialism, Behaviorism, & Positivism
Essentialism
A philosophy of education based on the assumption that students should learn the basic
facts regarding the social and physical world.
Essientialism
*Often called "Traditional" teachers
*Moving from simple to more complex task
*Focuses on character development & disciplining a pupil's mind
*students expect to listen & follow directions
Virtues taught in Essentialism
Respect for others
Respect for authority
Respect for teachers
Becoming good citizens
Essentialism
*Core information that educated people should know
*Hard work and mental discipline
, *Teacher-centered instruction
*Draws from idealism and realism
*Focus mainly on developing basic skills, not truths
*Purpose of education, Transmit culture, and to develop good citizens
Essentialism
*Student is a learner, teacher instructs in essentials
*Curriculum focuses on subject matter, content
*Methods include: required reading, lectures, memorization, repetition, examinations,
step-by-step directions
Coalition of Essential Schools-principles:
*Using the mind well, clear essential goals
*Apply goals to all students
*Personalized teaching and learning
*Emphasis on student as a worker
*Student performance on real task, multiple forms of evidence
*Principle teacher as generalist first, specialist second
*Budgets not to exceed 10% of traditional schools
*Nondiscriminatory policies and practices
Teacher Centered Behaviorism
*B.F. Skinner, Father of Behaviorism
*Behavior determined by environment, not heredity
*Behavior, response to external stimuli
*Behaviorism related to realism & linked to environment
Behaviorism(Teacher Centered) in the Classroom
*Teacher influences student behavior by controlling stimuli
*School environment, highly organized
*Curriculum based on behavioral objectives
*Knowledge is observable; a reward system is often utilized
Teacher Centered Positivism
*Focus on observable Measurable information
*Rejects beliefs about mind, spirit, consciousness
*Reality explained by laws of matter and motion
*Knowledge, based on sense perceptions, objective reality
Positivism(Teacher based) in the classroom
*Direct instruction, clear structured directions and expectations
*Knowledge gained through empirical observation
*Content standards based on expert understandings
*Students assessed using same objective criteria
Student-Centered Philosophies
*Include Humanism, Constructivism, and Progressivism
*Truth and goodness belong to all persons
*Teacher as learner, learner as teacher
*Education, collaborative process of clarifying meanings
Humanism (Student-Centered)
*Education should enhance innate goodness
*Schools objective is the students
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