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Summary OCR A Level History: The Cold War in Asia and the Cold War in Europe 1941-95 - AS Unit F962 - European and World History Period Studies $11.65
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AS Unit F962 - European and World History Period Studies
Institution
OCR
Book
OCR A Level History
Cold War in Europe, overview and possible arguments that can be used
Includes timeline of the whole Cold War and everything that led up to the Cold War
AS Unit F962 - European and World History Period Studies
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Cold War
Summaries/takeaways
Unit 1: 1917-1945 ● The Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 created the first alternative to the
capitalist model. Communism emphasised that society was more
important than the individual, whereas the capitalist system promoted
individuality.
○ Since the revolution in 1917, it has caused distrust between
the Soviet Union and the West
● GB, the USA, and the Soviet Union formed an alliance at the end of
1941 to defeat Nazi Germany
○ However, tensions quickly emerged between the three
powers over the conduct of war particularly over the
‘second front’
● 20 million Soviet citizens died between 1941 and 1945
● The Soviet Union wanted to retain control of eastern european
countries that the Red Army had liberated in 1945 as a buffer zone
against future attacks
○ Whilst the West believed that the countries should choose for
themselves as democracies
● Poland was the country that caused most disagreement between
the powers as the war came to a close
● At Yalta and Potsdam, the wartime allies agreed to divide Germany
into four zones of occupation and that the USSR would receive
reparation payments and for losses suffered
● The wartime alliance quickly fell apart once Germany had been
defeated
● In 1945, the USA enjoyed a monopoly of atomic weaponry
● Truman was far more suspicious of Stalin than his predecessors
had been and embarked on a policy of containing communism in
Eastern Europe
Unit 2: 1946-55 ● In 1946, Churchill delivered his Iron Curtain Speech, warning of the
dangers of Soviet expansionism
● The Soviets established a buffer zone of Soviet-friendly states in
Eastern Europe by 1947
○ The communists seized power in Czechoslovakia in 1948 to
complete the Eastern bloc, but Britain and the USA
successfully resisted a communist takeover in Greece while
Yugoslavia became communist but successfully resisted
Soviet domination
● The USA decided on a policy of containment - trying to ‘contain’
communism - in the Truman Doctrine.
○ Marshall Aid helped Europe to recover but divided the
continent in two; those countries who received aid and
those who refused it under Soviet pressure
● In response to German currency reform, the Soviets tried to force the
Allies out of Berlin through the Berlin Blockade.
○ The airlift was successful for Britain and the USA confirmed
their commitment to Germany
● 1949 - Germany four zones became two zones, with the three
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