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HESI EXIT ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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HESI EXIT ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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HESI EXIT ADV ANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of events that does not fa vor stability and often abruptly displaces a system from its steady state: what is that? a. Positive Feedback b. Negative Feedback c. Disease d. Homeostasis ---ANSWER -- a. positive feedback What organ shrinks with age? a. Prostate b. Gums c. Heart d. All of the above ---ANSWER -- b. gums Which of the following is true? a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult b. The elderly have better temperature sensations c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly ---ANSWER -- d. there is less thirst perception in the elderly Which of the following is true? a. Women snore more than men b. Men have higher calcium levels c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men d. Men have a lower creatinine level than women ---ANSWER -- c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men An increase in normal adaptive response to the decreased availability of oxygen at high altitude is termed which? a. Circadian b. Acclimatization c. Population d. Diurnal ---ANSWER -- b. Acclimatization What does it mean when the cause of the disease is unwanted medical treatment? a. Idiopathic b. Ecogenetic c. Genotypical d. Iatrogenic ---ANSWER -- d. Iatrogenic Which term is used for the first two months of li fe? a. Infancy b. Childhood c. Prenatal d. Neonatal ---ANSWER -- d. Neonatal Which is an objectively identifiable aberration of the disease? a. Symptom b. Syndrome c. Stage d. Sign ---ANSWER -- d. Sign Which of the following is true regarding catecholamines? a. They are from the parasympathetic nervous system b. They cross the blood brain barrier c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine d. They cause of decrease in heart rate ---ANSWER -- c. They in clude epinephrine and norepinephrine Which of the following is a true statement? a. Antidiuretic hormone is not important for blood volume regulation b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain perception c. Epinephrine and cortiso l act very differently d. Cortisol negates epinephrine's activity ---ANSWER -- b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain perception By what mechanism do lipid molecules cross cell membranes? a. They use channel proteins as a membr ane transport system b. They are transported across the plasma membrane by endocytosis and exocytosis c. They use voltage -gated ion channels d. They cross by diffusion ---ANSWER -- d. They cross by diffusion Which of the following metabolic processes is a component of anabolic metabolism? a. Protein synthesis b. Glycolysis c. Citric acid cycle d. Oxidative phosphorylation ---ANSWER -- a. Protein synthesis Which of the following electrochemical mechanism is responsible for maintaining cell volume? a. The calcium pump b. Glucose transporters c. The sodium -potassium pump d. ATP -binding cassette (ABC) transporters ---ANSWER -- c. The sodium -potassium pump Cellular hypoxia results in: a. Enhanced ATP activity b. Loss of intracellular calcium c. Increase d pH d. Failure of the sodium -potassium pump ---ANSWER -- d. Failure of the sodium -potassium pump A 75 yo woman develops weakness in her lower extremities after a prolonged period of bed rest. This is most likely caused by: a. Atrophy of her leg muscles b. Dysplasia of her leg muscles c. Hypertrophy of her leg muscles d. Hyperplasia of her leg muscles ---ANSWER -- a. Atrophy of her leg muscles Which of the following types of cellular adaption is most likely to occur from chronic ischemia? a. Hypertrophy b. Metaplasia c. Atrophy d. Hyperplasia ---ANSWER -- c. Atrophy What is the mechanism of cellular injury that occurs when deep sea divers get 'the bends'? a. Free radicals form abnormal chemical bonds which destroy the cellular membranes b. Carbon monoxide bi nds tightly to hemoglobin, preventing the RBCs from carrying O2 c. Intracellular calcium accumlation create muscle tetany d. Gas bubbles from in the blood, blocking circulation and resulting in ischemia ---
ANSWER -- d. Gas bubbles from in the blood, blockin g circulation and resulting in ischemia Which type of cellular adaption would create the greatest concern if found on a biopsy report? a. Dysplasia b. Metaplasia c. Hyperplasia d. Atrophy ---ANSWER -- a. Dysplasia Which of the following is the process by which mRNA is synthesized from single stranded DNA? a. Sense stranding b. Replication c. Translation D. Transcription ---ANSWER -- d. Transcription Which of the following is not one of the 4 cell types found in adul t humans? a. Epithelium b. Connective tissue c. Hematopoietic tissue d. Nervous tissue ---ANSWER -- c. Hematopoietic tissue If a patient has a recessive trait, which of the following is the genotype of this patient? a. aa b. AA c. Aa d. aA ---ANSWER -- a. aa Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities has been linked with Down Syndrome? a. Translocation b. Inversion c. Deletion d. Duplication ---ANSWER -- a. duplication Which of the following refers to a deficiency of factor VIII that causes a bleeding disorder? a. Marfan Syndrome b. Phenylketonuria c. Hemophilia d. Huntington ---ANSWER -- c. Hemophilia Which of the following is a retrovirus that causes cancer? a. Rhinovi rus b. Parvovirus c. Epstein -Barr virus d. Poxvirus ---ANSWER -- c. Epstein -Barr virus Which of the following genes contributes specifically to some breast cancer? a. Rb b. BRCA1 c. P53 d. VHL ---ANSWER -- b. BRCA1 Which is used to describe the histologic characteristics of tumor cells? a. Staging b. Cachexia c. Grading d. Angiogenesis ---ANSWER -- c. Grading Which of the following offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer? a. Early detection b. Aggressive chemotherapy c. Adjunct radiation
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