Turf management Exam 1 with complete solutions

The most widely‐played turf sport in the world is: A. Football B. Soccer C. Baseball D. Golf - Answer- B Which of these sports is most likely to be played on synthetic turf? A. Football B. Baseball C. Soccer D. Tennis - Answer- A Which of the following traits defines turf and distinguishes it from other grassland ecosystems? A. Located in urban areas B. Can play sports on it C. Frequent Mowing D. Tolerant of shade E. None of the above - Answer- C Which of the following sporting events is the most widely‐watched in the world? A. Super Bowl B. Wimbledon C. World Cup D. The Masters E. The World Series - Answer- C True or False: Turfgrass color can be affected by both genetics and management - Answer- True True or False: Ball roll is measured using a device called a Stimpmeter - Answer- True True or False: The number of turf grass shoots / area soil is referred to as texture - Answer- False True or False: A sandy soil will resist compaction more than a clay soil - Answer- True True or False: Photosynthesis in turfgrasses primarily occurs in the seedhead - Answer- False True or False: Turfgrasses produce a new root system each year - Answer- True True or False: In monocots, the growing point is located at the base of the plant - Answer- True True or False: The elasticity of turf is reduced when the turf is frozen or drought-stressed - Answer- True True or False: Turfgrasses produce a distinctive tap root system - Answer- False True or False: Turfgrasses are inefficient at removing and capturing CO2 from the atmosphere - Answer- False The climatic region where both cool‐ and warm‐season grasses will grow is called the: A. Temperate zone B. Tropical zone C. Transition zone D. Boundary zone E. None of the above - Answer- C Which of the following cool‐season grasses is best adapted to Arkansas lawns? A. Rough bluegrass B. Perennial ryegrass C. Fine fescue D. Tall fescue E. None of the above - Answer- D Which of the following grasses is primarily used for overseeding putting greens? A. Rough bluegrass B. Kentucky bluegrass C. Tall fescue D. Annual ryegrass E. None of the above - Answer- E (Answer is Pos trivialis) True or False: Bermudagrass and zoysiagrass are well‐adapted across Arkansas - Answer- True True or False: Perennial ryegrass is primarily used in Arkansas to overseed dormant bermudagrass - Answer- True True or False: Annual ryegrass is often used in lawn mixtures to hasten establishment and prevent erosion - Answer- True True or False: Annual bluegrass is a common turfgrass found in putting greens in cool, wet climates - Answer- True Which is better in high temperature? Bermudagrass or Perennial ryegrass - Answer- Bermudagrass Which is better in light shade? Bermudagrass or Zoysiagrass - Answer- Zoysiagrass Which is better in heavy shade? Tall fescue or Zoysiagrass - Answer- Tall fescue Which is better in non-irrigated conditions? Bermudagrass or KY bluegrass - Answer- Bermudagrass Which is better in an irrigated lawn? KY bluegrass or Creeping bentgrass - Answer- KY bluegrass Which is better for a multi-use athletic field? Tall fescue or Bermudagrass - Answer- Bermudagrass Which is better in high light? Tall fescue or Bermudagrass - Answer- Bermudagrass Which is better for a putting green in NWA? Creeping bent grass or Bermudagrass - Answer- Creeping bentgrass Which is better for a putting green in South Arkansas? Bermudagrass or Creeping bentgrass - Answer- Bermudagrass Which is best for overseeding an athletic field? Perennial ryegrass or Tall fescue - Answer- Perennial ryegrass What is Bermudagrass' scientific name - Answer- Cynodon dactylon What is Zoysiagrass' scientific name? - Answer- Zoysia japonica What is Centipede's scientific name - Answer- Eremochloa ophiuroides What is St. Augustine's scientific name? - Answer- Stenotaphrun secundatum What is Buffalograss' scientific name? - Answer- Buchloe dactyloides What is Seashore paspalum's scientific name? - Answer- Paspalum vaginatum What is Tall fescue's scientific name? - Answer- Festuca arundinacea What is Annual Ryegrass' scientific name? - Answer- Lolium multiflorum What is Creeping bent grass' scientific name? - Answer- Agrostis stolonifera What is Perennial ryegrass' scientific name? - Answer- Lolium perenne What is KY bluegrass' scientific name? - Answer- Poa pratensis What is Annual bluegrass' scientific name? - Answer- Poa annua What is Rough bluegrass' scientific name? - Answer- Poa trivialis What is Fine fescue's scientific name? - Answer- Festuca rubra When a plant starts from a seed and completes its life cycle in the same growing season - Answer- Annual The flat portion of the grass leaf above the sheath - Answer- Blade Plants with flattened leaves; dicots, plants that possess two seedling leaves. Generally wide and have net-like veins - Answer- Broadleaf Uniform application to an entire area - Answer- Broadcast A spreader which uses a broadcast mechanism to distribute dry product or seed over a wide area - Answer- Broadcast spreader Plant development in the absence of rhizome and stolon production; a non-spreading grass - Answer- Bunch type growth A non-spreading grass which lacks rhizomes and stolons - Answer- Bunchgrass A volume of plant material that equals 1.25 cubic ft - also referred to as a Texas bushel - Answer- Bushel The capturing of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, from the atmosphere and converting it into a form that is locked in plants, in the soil, or in the ocean - Answer- Carbon sequestration The primary growing point for the first shoot in a grass seed - Answer- Coleoptile The primary growing point for the first root in a grass seed - Answer- Coleorhiza A turf grass species that has optimum growth at temperatures between 60-75 degrees - Answer- Cool season grass Plant development at or near the soil surface that results in lateral spreading by rhizomes and/or stolons - Answer- Creeping growth habit the portion of the grass plant which includes the stem, apex, unelongated internodes, and lower nodes from which secondary roots begin - Answer- Crown A stem of a grass plant - Answer- Culm A cultivated variety of a species - Answer- Cultivar The number of plants per a given unit of soil - an important trait turf grass quality - Answer- Density A plant having two seed leaves or cotyledons - Answer- Dicot A plant species that produces only male or female flowers on each plant - Answer- Dioecious Resting stage through which the plant or ripe seeds usually pass and during which nearly all manifestations of life come to an almost complete standstill - Answer- Dormancy A spreader which "drops" dry product or seed directly under the hopper to a width that equals the width of the hopper - Answer- Drop spreader The ability of turf grass leaves to bounce back after being compressed - Answer- Elasticity The portion of a grass seed that contains carbohydrates that are the energy reserves for the early germination process - Answer- Endosperm A volatile material that vaporizes and destroys pests, methyl bromide - Answer- Fumigant The amount of sprigs harvested form 1 square yard of sod - Answer- Georgia bushel A measure of the viability of the seed - Answer- Germination To leave an area unplanted for a period of time to eradicate weeds - Answer- Herbicide fallow Typically upright, bunching plants with fibrous roots, some possess rhizomes or stolons - Answer- Grass The progeny resulting from a cross of individuals differing in one or more heritable characters - Answer- Hybrid The application of seed in a solution of water - Answer- Hydroseeding The application of sprigs in a solution of water - Answer- Hydrosprigging The flowering portion of a plant - Answer- Inflorescence A plant having one seed leaf or cotyledon - Answer- Monocot A material applied to a new seeding or sprigging turfgrass to protect the plants, prevent, erosion, and retain moisture - Answer- Mulch A joint where leaves, roots, branches, or stems arise - Answer- Node The portion of the female flower part where fertilization takes place and eventually becomes an egg - Answer- Ovary A plant that may or may not start from seed, may or may not produce seed, and lives more than two years - Answer- Perennial plant The fibrous coat on grass seeds that protect the seed from pathogens or predators - Answer- Pericarp Low growing; hugging the ground - Answer- Prostrate The ability of a turf to absorb shock - strongly affected by the soil type that the turf is grown on - Answer- Resiliency An underground creeping stem which can produce roots and shoots at each node - Answer- Rhizome The ability of a turf grass to support a ball for play - affected by turf grass density and mowing height - Answer- Rigidity The percentage of an individual component in a seed blend or mixture - Answer- % Purity The actual percentage of a seed blend or mixture that is live and capable of growth, calculated by multiplying total of each component by the % purity and germination percentage - Answer- Pure-live-seed A combination of two more cultivars of the same species - Answer- Seed blend A combination of two or more species - Answer- Seed mixture Number of seeds / pound for a particular cultivar, species, or seed blend/mixture - Answer- Seed count A planting method of turf grasses in which a producer will grow the turf from seed or sprigs to maturity, then harvest and transplant the mature turf onto the site of use - Answer- Sod A stolon or rhizome used to establish a turf - Answer- Sprig A biodegradable glue used to hold m