AFAA - Group Fitness Instructor Chapter 2 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

AFAA - Group Fitness Instructor Chapter 2 Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is the Kinetic Chain? The interrelation of the actions of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems to create movement. What is kinesiology? Study of human movement. What is biomechanics? Study of how forces affect a living body. What is the anatomic position? Standard reference posture where the body stands upright with the arms beside the trunk, and the palms and head both face forward. What are the anatomic locations? Anterior : toward or on the front side of the body ▼ In an anterior pelvic tilt, the top of the hips tilts toward the front of the body. Posterior: toward or on the back side of the body ▼ The gluteus maximus is located posteriorly on the body. Superior: above a landmark or closer to the head Inferior: toward the bottom part of the body or closer to the feet Proximal: closer to the center of the body Distal: farther from the center of the body or a landmark Medial: toward the midline of the body Lateral: farther from the midline of the body What are the three planes of motion? Sagittal plane Imaginary plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves. Frontal plane Imaginary plane that divides the body into equal front and back halves. Transverse plane An imaginary horizontal plane that bisects the body into equal halves, producing a top half and a bottom half. What are the sagittal plane motions? Flexion Bending at a joint where the relative angle between two bones decreases. Extension Movement at a joint in which the relative angle between two adjoining segments increases. Dorsiflexion Anterior flexion of the ankle, where the top of the foot moves up and away from the ground. Plantar flexion Posterior extension at the ankle where the top of the foot moves down toward the ground; pointing toes. What are the frontal plane motions? Abduction Body segment is moving away from the midline of the body. Adduction Body segment is moving toward the midline of the body Eversion Bottom of the foot rotates outward (laterally). Inversion Bottom of the foot rotates inwards (medially). Scapular protraction Movement of the shoulder blade forward and away from the spine. What are the transverse plane motions? External rotation Turning of a limb or body segment away from the midline of the body Pronation Tri-planar movement (eversion, dorsiflexion, abduction). Supination Tri-planar movement (plantar flexion, inversion, adduction) Horizontal abduction Lateral-rotational movement away from the midline of the body. Horizontal adduction Medial-rotational movement toward the midline of the body What is a flexor? Muscles that produce flexion of a limb or joint. What are extensors? Muscles that produce extension of a limb or joint. What are abductors? Muscles that produce abduction of a limb or joint. What are adductors? Muscles that produce adduction of a limb or joint. What are pronators? Muscles that produce pronation of a limb or body segment. What are supinators? Muscles that produce supination of a limb or body segment. What is static posture? The starting point from which an individual moves; a pose in which the body is standing in its natural, relaxed position. What is dynamic posture? Positioning of the body during any movement. What is multiplanar? Occurring in more than one plane of motion. What is the supine position Body position where one is lying on the back and facing upward. What is the prone position? Body position where one is lying face downward. What are the three types of activation in the muscle action spectrum? Concentric activation Production of tension while shortening in length. Isometric activation Production of tension while maintaining a constant length Eccentric activation Production of tension while increasing in length. What is isolated function? A muscle's primary functions. What is the origin? The relatively stationary attachment site where a muscle begins. What is the insertion? The relatively mobile attachment site of a muscle's distal end. What are tendons? Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force.