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An overall Summary of whole biology for Class 11th.
Practice questions for neet prep from chapter 4 Ncert biology class 11 Plant Kingdom chapter
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,Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a more scientific
basis for classification of organisms.
He classified plants into trees, shrubs & herbs and
animals into 2 groups, those which had red blood and
those that did not.
Aristotle
It is proposed by Linnaeus (1758).
This system classifies organisms into Two
Kingdoms- Plantae & Animalia.
Carl Linnaeus
, Prokaryotes, {Bacteria & Cyanobacteria}, & eukaryotes {fungi, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms
& angiosperms} were included under “plants”. It is based on the presence of cell wall, but
prokaryotes & eukaryotes are widely different in other features
It included unicellular & multicellular organisms in the same group
Example: Chlamydomonas & spirogyra were placed under algae
It did not differentiate between heterotrophic Fungai & autotrophic green plants. Fungi have
chitinous cell wall while the green plants have cellulosic cell wall
It is proposed by R.H. Whittaker (1969).
It includes Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae & Animalia.
This classification is based on cell structure, thallus
organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction & phylogenetic
relationships.
R.H. Whittaker
Characters Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Cell type Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic
Non-cellular Present
Present
Cell wall (polysaccharide + Present in some (without Absent
(cellulose)
amino acid) cellulose)
Nuclear
Absent Present Present Present Present
membrane
Body Multicellular, Tissue/organ/
Cellular Cellular Tissue/organ
organization loose tissue organ system
Autotrophic
(photosynthetic & Autotrophic
Heterotrophic Heterotrophic
Mode of chemosynthetic) (photosynthetic) Autotrophic
(saprophytic (holozoic,
nutrition and heterotrophic and (photosynthetic)
or parasitic) saprophytic etc)
(saprophyte/ heterotrophic
parasite)
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