Providing complete notes of the Geography for upcoming
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Complete Geography in 11 Hours| Part 1| UPSC PRELIMS
2023
IAS TOPS
Geography Preparation Tips
When preparing for geography, it is important to focus on areas where questions are likely to
come from. This includes map-based questions which can be divided into India map-based and
world map-based questions. Math-based questions are also common in geography exams.
India Map-Based Questions
● Familiarize yourself with the locations of important places such as oil fields and
disputed areas.
● Understand India's participation in military and naval exercises.
● Be prepared to answer questions about India's focus on the Asia Pacific region.
World Map-Based Questions
● Stay up-to-date on current affairs, especially those related to international relations.
● Know the disputed areas such as the Senkaku and Sakotra islands.
● Understand air defense identification zones and territorial waters.
Understanding Territorial Waters
Territorial waters extend 12 nautical miles from the baseline and only authorized ships and
aircrafts are allowed to enter without permission. The area between the baseline and the
coastline is called internal waters.
Territorial Waters and Air Defense Identification Zone
, Territorial waters refer to the territory that belongs to a country, including land, water, and air.
Permission is required to enter this territory, but innocent passage is allowed if the ship or
aircraft did not know it was entering territorial waters. Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) is
an airspace surrounding a country's territory where identification and communication are
required for any aircraft entering. It extends beyond territorial waters and can be used for air
defense purposes.
Contiguous Zone and Exclusive Economic Zone
The contiguous zone is an area up to 24 nautical miles from the baseline or 12 nautical miles
from territorial waters. Limited rights are given to the host country in this zone. The exclusive
economic zone extends up to 200 nautical miles from the baseline. This zone is exclusively for
economic purposes, and the host country has complete rights over resources within this zone.
Polity vs. Geography
Polity statements may be biased and extreme, while geography always has exceptions. Extreme
statements and numbers are usually incorrect. It is essential to eliminate extreme statements
while solving MCQs and to practice solving MCQs to test knowledge and identify weak areas.
Understanding Territorial Waters and Continental Shelf
The territorial waters extend up to 12 nautical miles and exclusive economic zone can be up to
200 nautical miles or continental shelf, whichever is greater. Russia has the longest continental
shelf, while Chile has the least. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
is responsible for the high seas beyond the exclusive economic zone.
What are Poly Metallic Nodules?
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