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Summary Cell physiology
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CellphysidogymmmmnMovement of substances across membrane : f f f f f f f f
1. Simple diffusion 4. Osmosis
simple diffusion high
Facilitated diffusion Endocytosis CYTOSIS ( bulk transport)
2. 5. .
11 11 11 11 11 11
Active transport Passive process
3. 6.
Exocytosis
which does not 111111111111
Dniffmusienmdinmmpded .
require AIP low
the movement of particles down a concentration gradient from a
region of very small molecules such as oxygen water ,
high concentration to low concentration can pass directly unaided by simple diffusion
a
region of .
.
actotum
concentration gradient greater -
the concentration membrane thickness biological membranes usually
gradient ,
the faster the rate of diffusion .
thin ideal for rapid diffusion .
Size of molecule -
small molecules diffuse faster .
Surface area
greater the surface area the
temperature quicker at higher temps -
due to faster the rate of diffusion .
Some are
highly folded
more kinetic energy . into microvilli were diffusion is important .
ions pass Channel
Eaneitifafiemdmdmiffusionmm Via a channel
protein :
through closed open
ions
Type of diffusion that formed by proteins and central
✗
carriers
requires or
" " " " " " " " I " " " " •
§
channels to transport molecules
pores which enable ions to pass
•
. . →
§
always open nonselective
°
down the concentration
gradient without ATP . Some are .
11111111 111111 11111111
Used for transport of polar charged others have select
gate and
ion
,
a ions
channel
protein
diffused
which ions
unable to pass between
go through
molecules that
" "
i.iii.
are .
phospholipid molecules and is also passive .
Via a
protein
carrier :
diffusing
The rate take
of facilitated diffusion is These
large polar diffusing molecules carrier protein
.
dependant on the number of channel molecules ie
glucoseinto a receptor 11111111
:
•
3
site They the
and carrier proteins the
change shape before release
•
in .
-
membrane .
Very selective . *
carrier
protein
Activetransportmmmm
This mode of transport moves specific receptor site that is f f f f f f f f
complementary to only
carrier protein
molecules
against the concentration one
type of Low conc
grdient using ATP molecule , therefore
very selective .
" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "
0
specific carrier proteins called pumps The abundance of carriers is decided villi ruin ruin
0
villi
substance to be carried must bind to by the amount of each different substance ^
receptor site in the carrier protein . Due to requirement of ATP cells ATP
ADP + Pi
that carry out will have Hioshconc
carrier will then
change shape many
the mitochondria
releasing transported molecule . .
with / concentration Way of movement Types of molecules
Passive Active process against Factors affecting movement
or
gradient transported
.
Simple Very small conc
gradient ,
size, temp
diffusion Passive With directly e.g Oz coz , membrane thickness surface ,
area .
Facilitated Use protein Polar charged,
Abundance of each
diffusion Passive With carrier -1 channel hydrophilic carrier and channel protein
Proteins
Active Use protein each side has Abundance of each
transport Active against carrier only specific ey glucose carrier
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