This specific intellectual property of mine contains the rich and historical African Literature. This document summarizes the 3 phases of the African Literature and its main focus or topics due to the 3 phases; Pre-colonial, Post-colonial, Post-independence. It summarizes the traditions, cultures, ...
Africa is a continent that holds 54 nations and tribes with thousands of languages.
African Literature has gone to three phases. First is the Pre-Colonial Literatures. Wherein
oral tradition or oration were the first literatures in Africa before they had colonizers. These
are stories, myths, legends, and proverbs that were told through mouth or orally speaking.
These orations told the beauty of Africans’ virtues, values, arts, tradition, culture, and their
daily living. Poetry was also included in this phase wherein it looked like rituals since it is
accompanied by songs or music and dances. Griots were the musicians in Africa. Their praise
songs focused on love, work, and children. Call and Response was also included in this phase.
This is used on religious songs and even political movements, due to the fact that it had an
effective way to engage audience.
The second phase was the Post-Colonial Literature. A misconception regarding this
phase is that the literatures were not all written after the colonialism. But rather, some
literatures were written during the Africa’s colonialism. Ancient Egyptian Literature were
included in this phase. Therefore, Africans were aware about the hieroglyphics and the story
of Cleopatra and other Egyptian stories. Literatures in post-colonialism has no influence
from their colonizers such as Britain, Germany, and Spain. Literatures are connected from
the indigenous culture, rituals, and dances and call and response are still evident during this
phase. Literatures in this phase were a reaction of writers regarding the brutal colonization.
It showed courage and bravery of the writers. These are considered a protest that made them
suffer such as slavery, brutality, and poverty. Negritude Movement was also created in this
phase. It was a revolution that paved the way for literature to become one of the solutions of
Africa’s freedom. Many individuals became enlightened by the wrongdoings of their
colonizers and that they were exploiting the weakness of Africa. Therefore, Africans
revolutionized for their freedom and end racism.
Which opened doors for the third and final phase which is the post-independence. Pan-
Africanism was a movement for Africans to move from their horrific past and towards their
freedom and beauty. However, the themes of literatures in this phase still focused on corrupt
and unstable politics and gender issues that was about the oppression of black women in
Africa wherein they experience inequality and harassment. It was about racial imbalance as
well.
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