NYU Pharmacology Exam 1 Questions With Correct Answers 2023/2024 (Graded A+) NYU Pharmacology Exam 1 With Correct Answers 2023 Acute Heart Failure (HF) - ANSWER Heart muscle weakens and enlarges Loses ability to pump blood adequately Compensatory mechanisms fail Lungs and periphery become congested Digitalis (Digoxin) (Cardiac Glycoside) - ANSWER Indication: HF - narrow tp range -antidote: digoxin immune fab. MOA: inhibits NA/k pump to inc Ca to DECREASE HR Induces INC intracelluar sodium drives Ca into heart and INCREASE CONTRACTILITY AE: -bradycardia -dysrhythmias -anorexia, N/V -headache -blurred or yellow vision TOXICITY: - anorexia, N/V, green or yellow halos, bradycardia premature ventricular contractions, cardiac dysrhythmias, confusion, delirium for elderly R4 toxicity: - low K+ -renal failure -loop diuretics -Hypercalcemia Considerations: - pulse full min apical prior to taking -eyes on periph/pulm edema -MONITOR K + CREATININE! INTERACTIONS: -duretics = hypoK -Cortison= Na retention / hypoK -antacids = dec digitalis absorption Classic (stable) angina - ANSWER Stress, exertion induced, cause narrowing of arteries Unstable (preinfarction) angina - ANSWER Occurs frequently with progressive severity unrelated to activity; unpredictable regarding stress/exertion and intensity DT artery narrowing/partial occlusion Variant (vasospastic) angina - ANSWER Occurs during rest Caused by vessel spasm (Vasospasm) Nitroglycerin - ANSWER Indication: Angina - subling = most comon= avoids first pass via liver = inc ABSORPTION - max 3 doses, 5 mins apart *TAKE DOSE 1 LAYING DOWN, CALL 911 IF PAIN PERSISTS +5MINS* **AVOID WEATHER EXTREMES!** **avoid alcohol + extreme exercise!** *rotate patch site. PATCH OFF FOR BEDTIME!* MOA: - relax smooth musc + vasodilate - dec myocardial 02 demand -dec preload -dec afterload -dec peripheral vasc resistance AE: - headache tx w/ acetaminophen - de BP/dizzy -REBOUND MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA IF NOT TAPER!!!! - reflex tachy if given to quickly -circulatory collapse 911 Considerations:
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