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Summary Biology: Blood and Lymphatic System Notes

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This 16 page handwritten digital notes document revolves around the topic of Blood and the Lymphatic system. I personally included points and notes that I needed in order to benefit from these notes when studying for my own classes. While these notes are high quality, condensed, and helpful, they a...

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BIOLOGY ~ Blood and
Lymphatic System Notes

, •
Blood :



only fluid connective tissue
↳ Is the .




↳ of mesodermal origin .





Transports Oz , coz , Hormones , waste , and Nutrients .





Helps in Regulation of pH and Temperature
↳ Aids in protection { immunity → contains WBC .





Helps maintain fluid levels


☆ Formed elements =
cells
plasma →

Blood formation sites : (fluid portion)
↳ In the developing fetus =
live rdy spleen
↳ By seventh month = bone marrow RBC →

WBC

How does fetal hemoglobin differ from newborn hemoglobin ?
↳ Fetal hemoglobin is slightly alkaline (7.35-7.45) , and blood

temperature is slightly higher .




↳ 5- 6 Litres



components of Blood
b b


Plasma ( 55% ) solid elements 1451)
↳ water ( 91% ) =
Liquid part of blood ↳ cells + cell fragments -_
Formed elements

Transports cellular elements of blood throughout CS 99.9%
b

Erythrocytes = RBC → Biconcave discs
proteins serum
↳ solutes ( ≈ 9J .
) p
plasma -
-_
e. ii.

↳ Electrolytes , proteins , fats , glucose ,
bilirubin , and gases ↳ WIBC →
Neutrophils , Eosinophils , Basophils ,



< • ii. Lymphocytes , monocytes
↳ Plasma proteins = most abundant solute Gi .
) ↳
thrombocytes = Platelets


Examples
:
albumin , globulin s , and fibrinogens

b



Goi .

36% of plasma .
4 i. of plasma


produced in liver Proteins ,
proteins
'

Act as transport ◦
produced by liver to
Alpha {





ions ,
Beta Gamma blood plasma
protein → carry
Formed in liver produced in
Largest plasma proteins





and some
◦ •



hormones ,
plasma ,e ,, , .in
lipids -




Transport lipids lymph nodes




Needed for clotting
osmotic { fat vitamins
controls soluble Function Polypeptide
◦ •

as
-
.




pressure → keeps in b' °°ᵈ immunoglobulins •
Acts a s acute phase
water in bloodstream or antibodies of proteins
immune system • Fibrin creates a
fibrous network for clotting

, Erythrocytes RBC

=



↳ No nucleus in mature red blood cell

Lifespan =
Approx . 120 Approx 4 months women 12-16 gldl
days = . .
=




Primary function =
Transport Oz to cells of body ↑ men 13 -1891dL =



↳ Has
approx . 280 million molecules of hemoglobin

Iron cont-ainihgretpirat.org
protein → carries Oz from lungs
to rest of body .




MMM ◦
1 Hb = yneme = 4 iron atoms 402


Recycled Hb iron →Turns into
bili verdin → Turns to bilirubin→
excreted in bite

1 Hb = 4 protein building blocks


Jaundice
called
globins
High levels > 2 -3mg 1dL modified and removed via urine
{ feces
= =




I

Liver =
conjugation of bilirubin to make it soluble → excreted
in b→ enters digestive tract →
helps emulsify fat



Intestine → converts bilirubin into :


urobilinogen → urine → reabsorbed by
feces
kidney
↳ Stereo
bilinogen →





Iron →
transported by transferrin to liver
→ transferred to ferritin for storage
I
can be transported to red bone
marrow

Jaundice = Yellowish pigmentation in skin
feces may be pale





↳ caused by →
Indirectly = bilirubin in urine , excess RBC breakdown , sickle cell
anaemia


Directly =
conjugated bilirubin = liver disease or bite obstruction

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