A&P II FINAL EXAM STUDY LATEST UPDATED 2022 RATED A

A&P II FINAL EXAM STUDY LATEST UPDATED 2022 RATED A Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular __________. a. ions b. deactivators c. second messengers d. nucleotides Correct Answer-c. second messengers Chemical Substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ___________. a. proteins b. antibodies c. hormones d. enzymes Correct Answer-c. hormones The master gland of the endocrine system is the_________. a. endocrine b. pituitary c. adrenal d. thyroid Correct Answer-b. pituitary The secretion of hormones in response to changing blood levels of ions is known as _____. a. neural stimulus b. hormonal stimulus c. humoral stimulus d. ionic stimulus Correct Answer-c. humoral stimulus The hormone that has the greatest effect on the metabolic rate is _____________. a. growth hormone b. aldosterone c. thyroid d. cortisol Correct Answer-c. thyroid When blood glucose levels fall, the pancreas releases ________. a. insulin b. melatonin c. glucose d. glucagon Correct Answer-d. glucagon When parathyroid hormone is released a. blood calcium levels fall b. osteoclasts are activated c. calcitonin is inhibited d. calcium channels are blocked Correct Answer-b. osteoclasts are activated The cells with the most receptors for growth hormones are a. liver b. nerves c. bones d. blood vessels Correct Answer-c. bones Steroid hormones influence other cells by a. activating cyclic AMP b. entering the nucleus of the cell and altering the expression of the gene c. binding specific receptors and activating G proteins d. stimulating the uptake of glucose Correct Answer-b. entering the nucleus of the cell and altering the expression of the gene The major plasma protein is a. thrombin b. albumin c. fibrin d. fibrinogen Correct Answer-b. albumin This type of leukocyte produces antibodies a. neutrophil b. eosinophil c. monocyte d. lymphocyte Correct Answer-d. lymphocyte Which of the following is not a phase of erythropoiesis a. synthesis of hemoglobin b. production of vacuoles c. ejection of the erythrocyte nucleus d. production of ribosomes Correct Answer-b. production of vacuoles Red blood cells contain ___% hemoglobin a. 50 b. 82 c. 97 d. 100 Correct Answer-c. 97 Which of the following is not a function of blood a. controlling endocrine glands b. transporting oxygen c. distributing heat d. producing antibodies Correct Answer-a. controlling endocrine glands What organ in the body regulates erythropoeisis? a. brain b. kidney c. pancreas d. liver Correct Answer-b. kidney Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis? a. vascular spasm b. fibrinolysis c. coagulation d. platelet plug formation Correct Answer-b. fibrinolysis The first phase of erythrocyte production is a. hemoglobin synthesis b. ejection of the nucleus c. ribosome synthesis d. reticulocyte formation Correct Answer-c. ribosome synthesis All blood cells develop from a. hemocytoblasts b. ejection of the nucleus c. myeloid stem cells d. lymphoid stem cells Correct Answer-a. hemocytoblasts Which of the following cells could develop from a lymphoid stem cell? a. lymphocyte b. erythrocyte c. monocyte d. any blood cell Correct Answer-a. lymphocyte The life span of a red blood cell is about a. 4 days b. 4 weeks c. 4 months d. 4 years Correct Answer-c. 4 months After hemoglobin is broken down, what part of it enters the liver and becomes bile, which helps us digest food? a. globin b. bilirubin c. heme d. ferritin Correct Answer-b. bilirubin Which of the following structural characteristics contribute to the function of red blood cells a. bi-concave shape b. they contain mostly hemoglobin c. spectrin in their plasma membrane d. all of the above Correct Answer-d. all of the above If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ________. a. the AV node would become the pacemaker of the heart b. the heart rate would increase c. parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease in heart rate d. the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract Correct Answer-b. the heart rate would increase the critical factor controlling stroke volume is a. preload b. afterload c. contractility d. sympathetic stimulation Correct Answer-a. preload Isovolumetric contraction ________. a. occurs only in people with heart valve defects b. occurs while the AV valves are open c. occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary valves close d. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers Correct Answer-d. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers The most important factor in the regulation of the heart rate is a. acidosis b. autonomic nervous system stimulation c. stroke volume d. extracellular calcium levels Correct Answer-b. autonomic nervous system stimulation Which of the following is not a difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle? a. cardiac muscle has a longer refractory period b. cardiac muscle exhibits automaticity c. cardiac muscle has striations d. cardiac muscle has gap junctions Correct Answer-c. cardiac muscle has striations Cardiac muscle cells use _____ ions for the plateau phase of the action potential. a. calcium b. potassium c. sodium d. chloride Correct Answer-a. calcium Pressure in the ventricles is greatest when a. they are filling b. they are relaxed c. they are in diastole d. they are in systole Correct Answer-d. they are in systole During ventricular systole, AV valves close because a. atrial pressure decreases b. atrial pressure increases c. ventricular pressure decreases d. ventricular pressure increases Correct Answer-d. ventricular pressure increases Blood flow would be increased by a. decreasing vessel diameter b. increasing blood vessel length c. increasing cardiac output d. decreasing blood pressure Correct Answer-c. increasing cardiac output Fluids would be likely to leave or filter out of the capillary if: a. osmotic pressure in the capillary is high b. net hydrostatic pressure is greater than net osmotic pressure c. net hydrostatic pressure is less than net osmotic pressure d. net filtration pressure is negative Correct Answer-b. net hydrostatic pressure is greater than net osmotic pressure The resistance that has the most effect on blood pressure is from a. length of blood vessels b. diameter of blood vessels c. viscosity of blood d. none of these Correct Answer-b. diameter of blood vessels Blood flow through the tissues is responsible for a. urine formation b. removal of wastes from tissue cells c. gas exchange in the lungs d. all of these Correct Answer-d. all of these Which type of blood vessel has the most elastic tissue? a. arteries b. veins c. capillaries d. venules Correct Answer-a. arteries True/False: Fever is seldom beneficial because it speeds up the cellular metabolic rate and will not allow antigen-antibody reactions to occur. Correct Answer-False The two intrinsic defense systems have many components. Which of the following cell types is not a contributor to specific immunity a. natural killer cells b. plasma cells c. t-cells d. b-cells Correct Answer-a. natural killer cells Which of the following is not a sign of inflammation? a. redness b. fever c. swelling d. pain Correct Answer-b. fever Most pathogens that try to enter your body a. are stopped by surface barriers b. are killed by the humoral immune response c. cause inflammation d. are killed by antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, and other cells Correct Answer-a. are stopped by surface barriers Saliva and lacrimal fluids contain this enzyme that destroys bacteria. a. Salivase b. Trypsin c. Amylase d. Lysozome Correct Answer-d. Lysozome Intrapleural pressure is always a. higher than atmospheric b. higher than intrapulmonary c. negative d. A and C Correct Answer-c. negative Which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O2and dispose of CO2? a. external respiration b. internal respiration c. blood pH adjustment d. pulmonary ventilation Correct Answer-c. blood pH adjustment __ are substances that can trigger the adaptive defense and provoke an immune response. a. interleukins b. antibodies c. haptens d. antigens Correct Answer-d. antigens Which of the following are functions of the larynx? a. speech production b. airway c. switching mechanism d. all of these Correct Answer-d. all of these When T-cells mature, negative selection: a. eliminates cells that are strongly anti-self b. eliminates cells that are self-tolerant c. eliminates cells that should have stayed in bone marrow d. eliminates cells that secrete antibodies Correct Answer-a. eliminates cells that are strongly anti-self The only T-cells that can directly attack and kill other cells are__________. a. regulatory cells b. cytotoxic cells c. plasma cells d. helper cells Correct Answer-b. cytotoxic cells The cell-mediated immune response is important because antibodies: a. cannot recognize cells infected with viruses b. cannot recognize viruses c. are produced very slowly d. only work once Correct Answer-a. cannot recognize cells infected with viruses Which of the following is a characteristic of a secondary immune response? a. a secondary immune response produces fewer antibodies than a primary immune response b. a secondary immune response is started by naive lymphocytes while a primary immune response is started by memory cells c. a secondary immune response does not last as long as a primary immune response d. a secondary immune response is faster than a primary immune response Correct Answer-d. a secondary immune response is faster than a primary immune response During normal inspiration a. intrapolmonary volume increases b. the diaphram is relaxed c. intrapolmonary pressure increases d. intrapolmonary volume decreases Correct Answer-a. intrapolmonary volume increases Which of the following is not a characteristic of the inflammatory response? a. prevents the spread of the injurious agent to nearby tissue b. replaces injured tissues with connective tissue c. sets the stage for repair processes d. disposes of cellular debris and pathogens Correct Answer-b. replaces injured tissues with connective tissue Which of the following is not true about anti