PART ONE: BASIC CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Unit 1: The Cell Chapter 1: Cellular Biology Chapter 2. Genes and Genetic Diseases Chapter 3. Epigenetics and Disease (NEW) Chapter 4. Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology Chapter 5. Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases Unit 2: Mechanisms of Self-Defen...
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Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition
By: Sue E. Huether; Kathryn L. McCance
PART ONE: BASIC CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Unit 1: The Cell
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
Chapter 2. Genes and Genetic Diseases
Chapter 3. Epigenetics and Disease (NEW)
Chapter 4. Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
Chapter 5. Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
Unit 2: Mechanisms of Self-Defense
Chapter 6. Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
Chapter 7. Adaptive Immunity
Chapter 8. Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense
Chapter 9. Stress and Disease
Unit 3: Cellular Proliferation: Cancer
Chapter 10. Biology of Cancer
Chapter 11. Cancer Epidemiology
Chapter 12. Cancer in Children and Adolescents
PART TWO: BODY SYSTEMS AND DISEASES
Unit 4: The Neurologic System
Chapter 13. Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
Chapter 14. Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function
Chapter 15. Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function
Chapter 16. Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction
Chapter 17. Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
Unit 5: The Endocrine System
Chapter 18. Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
Chapter 19. Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
Unit 6: The Hematologic System
Chapter 20. Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
Chapter 21. Alterations in Hematologic Function
Chapter 22. Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
Unit 7: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
Chapter 23. Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
Chapter 24. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function
Chapter 25. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
Unit 8: The Pulmonary System
Chapter 26. Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System
Chapter 27. Alterations of Pulmonary Function
Chapter 28. Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
Unit 9: The Renal and Urologic Systems
Chapter 29. Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
Chapter 30. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
Chapter 31. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
Unit 10: The Reproductive Systems
Chapter 32. Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems
Chapter 33. Alterations of the Female Reproductive System
Chapter 34. Alterations of the Male Reproductive System
Unit 11: The Digestive System
Chapter 35. Structure and Function of the Digestive System
Chapter 36. Alterations of Digestive Function
Chapter 37. Alterations in Digestive Function in Children
Unit 12: The Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems
Chapter 38. Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
Chapter 39. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
Chapter 40. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children
Chapter 41. Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument
Chapter 42. Alterations of the Integument in Children
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA
with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a
prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
REF: p. 2
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
REF: p. 2
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of
the genetic information be contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within
the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are
involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the
cell.
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the
layer itself?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the
surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein
marks cells and does not float.
REF: p. 7
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
REF: p. 9
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the
extracellular matrix would suN
ppoRrt thIe dG
iagnBo.
si C
s ofM
metastatic cancer?
a. Decreased fibronectin U S N T
b. Increased collagen
c. Decreased elastin
d. Increased glycoproteins
ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing
them to travel or metastasize.
REF: p. 10
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
a. Cell junction
b. Gap junction
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction
ANS: A
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight
junctions are associated with cellular communication.
REF: p. 11
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