APEA EENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023

APEA EENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 For tx of blepharitis, pts should be instructed to apply erythromycin ointment to the affected eye using: A 1 cm ribbon 5 times daily for 7 days The ophthalmic preparation that is NOT available OTC is: Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Lacrisert), a lubricant Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is an antiviral agent, further classified as a(n): Neuraminidase inhibitor The duration of action of ocular decongestants such as oxymetazoline (Visine-LR) is approximately: 6 hours-pts should be advised to apply 1-2 drops in the affected eye q 6 hours The mechanism of action for macrolides is to: block the dissociation of peptidyl tRNA from ribosomes 2nd generation antihistamines: have a variety of anti-inflammatory properties-including decreased mast cell mediator properties and downregulation of adhesion molecule expression After the administration of olopatadine (Pataday) ophthalmic for allergic conjunctivitis, contact lenses should not be inserted for at least: 10 minutes-do not insert if eyes are red Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of ocular steroids? Promotes capillary proliferation and dilation The mechanism of action of polymyxin B/trimethoprim ophthalmic is: Increased cell wall permeability/inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis Sulfacetamide/prednisolone (Blephamide) is NOT indicated in: Ocular mycobacterial infection (ocular tuberculosis) The mechanism of action of pheniramine is that it: Antagonized histamine-1 receptors The duration of action of meclizine (Antivert) is: 8 hours-1st gen antihistamine , onset ~1 hr with half-life of 6 hours The mechanism of action for mast cell stabilizers is: Inhibition of histamine release and slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis The brand name for sulfacetamide ophthalmic is: Bleph-10 The vasoconstrictive properties of alpha- agonist medications make them beneficial for the tx of: Sinus congestion-used to reduce edema and inflammation within sinus cavities The generic name for Dramamine is: Dimehydrinate Which risk factor would NOT prohibit the NP from prescribing prednisolone acetate (Pred Forte)? Superficial punctate keratitis Which of the following organisms is NOT susceptible to sulfacetamide ophthalmic (Bleph-10)? Psuedomonas aeruginosa- does not provide adequate coverage against Neisseria species A medication that acts on the hypothalamus to produce antipyresis is: Acetaminophen Azelasine (Astelin), for tx of allergic rhinitis, is classified as a nasal: Antihistamine A serious adverse reaction to clindamycin (Cleocin) is: Clostridium difficile-related colitis If ocular steroids are to be used for more than 10 days, monitoring should include: Ocular pressure The most effective tx for eradication of group A streptococcus in those who are apparent carriers is: Oral clindamycin (Cleocin) for 10 days Oxymetazoline nasal spray, a nasal decongestant, is manufactured under the brand name: Afrin Which of the following is a cholinergic agonist used in the tx of glaucoma? Pilocarpine (Pilopine HS) ophthalmic A common side effect related to the administration of cetirizine (Zyrtec) is: Drowsiness-admin at bedtime The onset of action of oxymetazoline (Afrin) is: 1o minutes, 2-3 sprays in each nostril q 10-12 hours First-line tx for children who are diagnosed with Strep pharyngitis is: Amoxicillin (Amoxil) Brand names of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim do NOT include: Azulfidine (sulfasalazine) The duration of action of azelastine (Optivar) ophthalmic drops is: 8 hours Naphazoline/pheniramine (Naphcon-A) is indicated in the treatment of: Allergic conjunctivitis Ocular steroids indicated for the tx of allergic conjunctivitis can be used in pts with: Herpes zoster keratitis Polycin-B is the brand name for: Polymyxin B and bacitracin The brand name for meclizine is: Antivert Due to potential drug-drug interactions, therapy should be monitored when a pt is receiving erythromycin (Eyemycin) ointment and: Warfarin-may increase serum concentration of Vit K antagonists such as warfarin Due to the potential development of pseudo tumor cerebri, tetracycline (Sumycin) should not be administered concomitantly with: Isotretinoin (Claravis)-may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of retinoic acid derivatives A benefit of prescribing an ophthalmic antihistamine with mast cell stabilizer property would be that the mast cell stabilizer provides: An extended duration of action-due to their high affinity to the H-1 receptor Ocular decongestants such as oxymetazoline (Visine-LR) are used to reduce: Redness Pts should be advised to administer polymyxin B/trimethoprim q: 3 hours, maximum 6 doses in 24 hour period The most common symptoms of penicillin allergy includes hives, itchy eyes, and: Swollen lips Bacitracin (Ocu-tracin) ophthalmic ointment inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by: Preventing the transfer of mucopeptides into the growing cell wall When prescribing polymyxin B sulfate/bacitracin zinc (Polycin-B), pts should be instructed to: Complete therapy, even if sx resolve Prolonged use of bacitracin ophthalmic may result in: Fungal overgrowth Which of the following is classified as a 2nd gen antihistamine? Fexofenadine (Allegra) Hydroxyzine-1st gen Pts being treated with trifluridine (Viroptic) for herpes simplex 1 keratoconjunctivitis should be advised to return to the clinic if they do not experience sx improvement within: 7 days Polymyxin B/trimethoprim ophthalmic is NOT indicated for: Ophthalmia neonatorum-does not treat the most common bacterial causes The mechanism of action of trifluridine (Viroptic), an ophthalmic antiviral, used the treatment of herpes simplex conjunctivitis is: Interference with viral replication by inhibiting thymidylate synthetase A common side effect of oral phenylephrine (Sudafed), a decongestant is: Anxiety Cephalosporins are classified as: Beta-lactam antibiotics Ophthalmic cromolyn inhibits the degranulation of sensitized mast cells. It is indicated in the treatment of: Vernal conjunctivitis Dosing of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for older adult pts with active influenza and a creatinine clearance between 30-60 mL/min is: 30mg PO BID for 5 days Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of sulfacetamide ophthalmic (Bleph-10) for the tx of acute conjunctivitis? Acute renal insufficiency The brand name of prednisolone acetate ophthalmic is: Pred Forte Pts who are using a glucocorticoid nasal spray should be advised to: Prime the pump prior to first use or if unused for more than a week Which of the following does NOT cause a drug-disease interaction when using a decongestant/antihistamine medication such as Naphazoline/pheniramine (Naphcon-A)? Hypothyroidism Mydriasis is a term used to describe: Dilation of the pupil Causes of sensorineural hearing loss include all of the following except: perforated tympanic membrane-this is conductive hearing loss