Summary Civil rights in the USA women thematic table
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Civil rights in the usa (Y319)
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Civil rights in the USA women thematic table, can be used to help make comparisons across time. sorted into thematic sections : political, social, economic
Civil rights in the USA trade union and labour rights comparison table
Civil rights in the USA african americans thematic table
Civil rights in the USA native americans thematic table
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Civil rights in the usa (Y319)
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Women – political rights - help or hinder
Federal government Women’s organisations State government Men
Start of The 15th Amendment (1870) did not The American Equal Rights Association Women were denied the right to vote in most Politics was dominated by men, who
protect the right to vote for women. (est. 1866), the Women’s Christian states. disliked the idea of women having political
the
Temperance Union (est. 1874), the power and influence.
period Minor v Happersett (1874) held that a National American Women Suffrage In 1895, three women became the first female
(1865- Missouri law that limited the right to Association (est. 1890) and the National members of a state House of Representatives,
1925) vote to males was constitutional. Association of Coloured Women (est. all in Colorado due to the recent granting of
1896) promoted women’s suffrage. the vote to women there.
The American Women Suffrage In 1896, Martha Hughes Cannon was the first
Association (est. 1869 by Lucy Stone) and women to be elected as a state senator.
the National Women’s Suffrage
Association (est. 1869 by Elizabeth Cady By 1900, four states had given women the right
Stanton and Susan B. Anthony) merged in to vote: Wyoming, Colorado, Utah and Idaho
1890 to form the National American
Women Suffrage Association
Middle of The 19th Amendment (1920) gave The Congressional Union of Women’s By 1918, 20 states had given women Most men remained opposed to
women the right to vote. Suffrage (est. 1913), which became the the right to vote in state elections women being in positions of influence
period
National Women’s Party in 1917,
(1930’s- However, immigrant women who had campaigned for the vote more militantly. African American and Native American
1960’s) not been naturalised remained women in the south were prevented
disenfranchised, and African Public sympathy was increased by the from voting by the states using
American women were prevented treatment of suffragettes in prison. grandfather clauses, literacy tests, poll
from voting by the states. taxes and property requirements
The National League of Women Voters
Women had a role model in Eleanor (est. 1920 by Carrie Chapman Catt)
Roosevelt, who combined the role of worked to help women take a larger
wife and mother with active support role in public affairs.
for women’s rights, civil rights and the
New Deal.
End of The Voting Rights Act (1965) Betty Friedan, in her 1963 book “The After the Voting Rights Act (1965), the Some men became more accepting of
outlawed methods of preventing Feminine Mystique” and in her formation states could no longer deny the right to vote to women in politics
period
citizens from voting based on their of the National Organisation for Women African American and Native American women.
(1970’s- race or gender. in 1966, urged women to play a full role By 1992, 19 out of 100 of the US’s big
1992) in the public sector. cities had female mayors.
, In 1992, one third of Bill Clinton’s 500 The National Women’s Political Caucus
appointments were female (est. 1971) aimed to get more women in
politics through training and support
Women – economic rights - help or hinder
Federal government Women’s organisations Economic and societal shifts and wars Opposition
Start of The Homestead Act 1862 gave Key feminists Elizabeth Cady The Civil War increased the industrialisation of
women the right to own their own Stanton and Susan B. Anthony worked to America, which increased the jobs available for
the
land on the Great Plains. secure property rights for married women.
period women.
(1865- In 1872, the federal government
1925) passed a law that required equal pay The Women’s Trade Union League (1903-
for equal work for female federal 1950) campaigned for ending sweatshop
government employees. conditions,
establishing an eight-hour day and a
minimum wage.
Middle of A Women’s Bureau was established in Female leaders, such as Jane Addams, Women were allowed to work during WW1 Some anti-feminists formed an auxiliary branch
the Department of Labour in 1920 campaigned for legislation to regulate and WW2, however many women lost their of the Ku Klux Klan to oppose the campaign for
period
with the aim of improving working working hour and conditions for women. jobs at the end of these wars. an Equal Rights Amendment.
(1930’s- conditions, however it was met
1960’s) with resistance from employers and Feminists began the campaign for an In 1936, a Gallup poll suggested that 82% of
male labour unions, and achieved Equal Rights Amendment in 1923 to give Americans were opposed to women working.
little. women equal economic rights, however
by the 1980s amendment failed to be After WW2 there were fewer opportunities in
The Shepherd-Towner Act (1921) ratified. professional occupations, whereas the number
made funds available for maternity of men in professional occupations increased
and infant health education, however by 40%
the medical profession resisted free
medical care and funding was
terminated in 1929.
Legislation to introduce an 8 hour
working day for women was heavily
opposed by big business and
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