History Tudors A-level complete flashcards, used to get A* at A-level, all you need to know for the exam. Includes password for Quizlet if you prefer an electronic version.
Henry VIII
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1. Years of Henry 1509 to 1547
VIII's reign
2. Henry VIII - Charac- -Well educated, played music, sporty
ter -Wanted to recreate glories of Henry V
-Wanted to establish presence on international stage
and be a renaissance warrior
3. Aspects of the -Wealthy, owned 1/3 of land
Catholic church in -Pope head of the church
1509 -Could buy indulgences
-Believed in transubstantiation
4. Problems with -Uneducated priests
church in 1509 -Clerical abuses
-Church in a state of disrepair
5. Lutherans - How -Martin Luthor (German monk)
did they start -Cross with sale of indulgences
-Made 95 thesis of complaints and pinned it on a church
door
6. Lutheran beliefs - -Justification by faith alone
what they did be- -Only do things in the Bible (sola scriptura)
lieve (3) -Translate bible into local vernacular
7. Lutheran beliefs - -No confessions
what they didn't be- -Only 2 sacraments
lieve (4) -No Pope
-No transubstantiation
8. Henry's beliefs on -A strong Catholic
Lutherans -Wrote 'Defence of the Seven sacraments' alongside
Wolsey
-Named 'Defender of the faith' by The Pope
-However, was a fan of the idea that the King should be
head of the church
9. Cambridge Univer-
sity significance
, Henry VIII
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-Centre of radicalism
-Met in White Horse Tavern
-Got ideas from new European literature
10. Papal legate mean- -Pope's representative
ing -Wolsey had the position in England
11. Wolsey church re- -As papal legate, Wolsey instructed bishops to improve
forms - Monastic and carry out inspections
reforms -24 religious houses dissolved and their assets seized
-Wolsey drew up plans to close monasteries with less
than 6 inmates and merging those with less than 12
-Wanted to make church more efficient as he hoped it
would benefit religious learning
12. Wolsey church re- -Monastic reform
forms - overview -Heresy
(4) -Education
-Anti-clericalism
13. Wolsey church re- -Persuaded Henry to write anti-Lutheran text 'Assertio
forms - Heresy Septum Sacrementorum'
-Wolsey opposed the spread of Protestantism
-Groups were arrested but no executions
-No one saw Lutherans as a threat
14. Wolsey church re- -Wolsey embodied the need for change
forms - Anti-cleri- -Committed pluralism, was Bishop of Durham and Win-
calism chester and abbot of St Albans, making him very
wealthy
-He also committed absenteeism as never completed
duties and always absent
15. Wolsey church re- -Wanted to promote education of the clergy
forms - Education -Planned to fund a school in Ipswich but had fallen from
power before he could
-Given Papal permission on condition he would use the
money to promote education
16.
, Henry VIII
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Did Wolsey weak- -People saw him as a hypocrite
en the Catholic -Monastic visits lay the template for Cromwell to close
church? - Yes (3) them
-No Protestants executed
17. Did Wolsey weak- -Arrested suspect Protestants
en the Catholic -Improved education of clergy
church? - No (4) -Carried out monastery quality inspections
-He showed that Henry disapproved of Lutherans
18. Wolsey's domestic -The 1526 Eltham Ordinances tried to reorganise fi-
policy - Court nances made the Privy Chamber more efficient
-Aimed to reduce political power of Henry's 'minions'
who could influence him, was jealous
19. Wolsey's domestic -Expensive foreign policy
policy - Financial -Gained £200,000 in forced loans in 1522-23
-Introduced new taxes such as subsidy tax
-Proposed 'Amicable Grant', led to rebellion
20. Wolsey's domestic -Promoted civil law based on neutral justice and evi-
policy - Legal dence
-Used Star Chamber much more frequently to attack
nobles
-Attacked enclosure, heard cases from the poor
-However, changes would not last beyond his rule
-Friend of the poor, this annoyed the nobles
21. Wolsey's domestic -Decreased enclosure from his inquiry
policy - Economic -Widespread unemployment due to decrease in cloth
trade
-1526 recoinage removed silver, led to inflation and
economic depression
22. Wolsey's domestic -Ruled without Parliament as only two were called
policy - Parliament -Only met when the King needed them, and to do his
wishes
-Wolsey had to kneel before church and beg for forgive-
ness after Hunne's case
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