PATHO EXAM 4 RENAL CRAM SESH TEST RATED 100% CORRECT

PATHO EXAM 4 RENAL CRAM SESH TEST RATED 100% CORRECT PATHO EXAM 4 RENAL CRAM SESH TEST RATED 100% CORRECT GFR is dependent on the difference between what in the glomerular arteriole? - ANSWER higher blood pressure in the afferent arteriole vs lower blood pressure in the efferent arteriole The major causative organism for cystitis is what? - ANSWER e coli, a gram negative bacteria What is an example of pre-renal failure? - ANSWER anything that occurs above the level of the kidney such as hypoperfusion or hypovolemia Outline the flow of urine through the kidney. - ANSWER The afferent arteriole provides blood to the glomerulus that filters it. The filtrate then moves into the proximal convoluted tubule, the descending loop of Henle, then the ascending loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule, and then the collecting ducts where the urine then drains into the renal pelvis in preparation for movement into the ureters What is the function of the renal pelvis? - ANSWER it is a large collecting area for the urine that drains from the many collecting ducts of the nephron ESTUDY What is the function of the renal medulla? - ANSWER consists of collecting tubules and ducts, long loops of Henle from the juxtamedullary nephrons, and vasa recta The blood supply to juxtamedullary nephrons is called what? - ANSWER the vasa recta What is different about juxtamedullary nephrons compared to other kinds of nephrons? - ANSWER they have long Loops of Henle that are located in the medulla What is the function of the renal cortex? - ANSWER it contains all of the glomeruli as well as 85% of the nephron tubules (except for the long juxtamedullary tubules) The glomerulus is located within what structure? - ANSWER Bowman's capsule What is the function of the glomerulus? - ANSWER filtration ESTUDY What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubules? - ANSWER reabsorption of pretty much everything including NaCl, glucose, potassium, amino acids, bicarb, protein, urea, H2O (ADH not required) Fluid within the proximal tubule is isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic? - ANSWER isotonic Where does urea secretion occur in the kidney? - ANSWER in the thin segment of the ascending loop of Henle as well as in the renal medulla In what segment of the nephron does urine become really concentrated? Why? - ANSWER in the descending loop of Henle. Because NKCC2 transporters located on the ascending loop are moving solutes out of the lumen and into the interstitium. This causes water to want to follow and this segment is permeable to water so water filters out resulting in an increased osmolarity or concentration of the fluid within the lumen of the nephron Is the ascending loop of Henle permeable to water? - ANSWER no Is the descending loop of Henle permeable to water? - ANSWER yes ESTUDY Is the fluid in the descending convoluted tubule isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic? - ANSWER hypertonic because there is a large amount of concentrated solutes within the lumen and osmolarity is high Is the fluid in the thick ascending loop of henle isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic? - ANSWER hypotonic because there is a low amount of solutes with a high amount of water in the lumen so there is a low concentration and low fluid osmolarity Is the fluid in the distal convoluted tubule isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic? - ANSWER isotonic or hypotonic What is reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron? - ANSWER NaCl, bicarb, and water if ADH is present What is reabsorbed in the collecting tubule of the nephron? - ANSWER water if ADH is present Is the fluid in the thin ascending loop of henle isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic? ESTUDY - ANSWER hypertonic because water is still permeable in this region meaning the fluid is concentrated as water is moving out The majority of reabsorption happens in what part of the nephron? - ANSWER in the proximal convoluted tubule How does ADH work to increase blood pressure? - ANSWER it increases the number of aquaporin channels in the distal parts of the nephron in order to increase water reabsorption What are the 3 examples regarding how the distal portions of the nephron communicate with the glomerulus? - ANSWER baroreceptor mechanism, macula densa cells, sympathetic NS Baroreceptors are also known as _______ receptors. - ANSWER pressure Cells responsible for the release of renin. - ANSWER juxtaglomerular cells Explain how the baroreceptor mechanism communicates the distal portion of the nephron with the glomerulus.