This assignment contains three experiments:
-chlorination of 2-methylpropan-2-ol
-nitration of methyl benzoate
- preparation of an ester (ethyl ethanoate)
they contain conclusions and evaluation
Unit 14 Assignment D
UNIT 14 APPLICATIONS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
,24/02/2023
Table of Contents
INVESTIGATING CHLORINATION OF 2-METHYLPROPAN-2-OL...............................................................2
Aim....................................................................................................................................................2
Information........................................................................................................................................2
Apparatus..........................................................................................................................................3
Risk assessment.................................................................................................................................4
Procedure..........................................................................................................................................4
Results...............................................................................................................................................5
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................6
Evaluation..........................................................................................................................................6
NITRATION OF METHYL BENZOATE.......................................................................................................7
Aim....................................................................................................................................................7
Information........................................................................................................................................7
Apparatus..........................................................................................................................................8
Risk assessment.................................................................................................................................9
Procedure..........................................................................................................................................9
Results.............................................................................................................................................10
Percentage yield..........................................................................................................................10
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................10
Evaluation........................................................................................................................................11
PREPARATION OF AN ESTER (ETHYL ETHANOATE)..............................................................................12
Aim..................................................................................................................................................12
Information......................................................................................................................................12
Apparatus........................................................................................................................................14
Risk assessment...............................................................................................................................15
Procedure........................................................................................................................................15
Results.............................................................................................................................................16
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................17
Evaluation........................................................................................................................................19
References...........................................................................................................................................20
1
,24/02/2023
INVESTIGATING CHLORINATION OF 2-METHYLPROPAN-
2-OL
Aim
To produce and purify a sample of 2-clhloro-2-methypropane.
Information
The following is the equation for the reaction between 2-methypropan-2-ol
and hydrochloric acid:
(CH3)3COH + HCL (CH3)3CCL +
H2O
Here’s the following mechanism of halogenation of an alcohol:
In step one because of the oxonium ion from the acid the alcohol is
protonated. Which is than attacked by a nucleophilic attack by the
chlorine ion on the carbon C-O bond (step 2). And in step 3 the chlorine
bonds to the carbon chain to form a chloro-alkane.
2
, 24/02/2023
Apparatus
250 cm3 conical flask with bung
100 cm3 separating funnel with bung
250 cm3 beaker
Filter funnel to fit separating funnel
Apparatus for distillation with 50 cm3 pear-shaped flask
Thermometer that is able to read up to 100ᵒC
25 cm3 and 100 cm3 measuring cylinders
10 cm3 of 2-methylpropan-2-ol
35 cm3 of Concentrated hydrochloric acid
0.1 mol/dm3 sodium hydrogencarbonates solution
3
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