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EPPP Questions Research and Statistics with Questions and Answers 2023
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EPPP Questions Research and Statistics with Questions and Answers 2023
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EPPP Questions Research and Statistics with Questions and Answers 2023 R squared is the: a. coefficient of multiple determination b. coefficient of stability c. coefficient of internal consistency d. silver character on "Star Wars" - Answer a. coefficient of multiple determination When data points are widely scattered around a regression l ine, this indicates: a. low homoscedasticity b. low correlation coefficient c. low heteroscedasticity d. high heteroscedasticity - Answer b. low correlation coefficient Heteroscedasticity - Answer The scatter is uneven (unequal) at different points on the regression line. For example, there might be high variability around the regression line at low X (predictor) values and low variability around the line at high X values. It is different amounts of scatter, but not high scatter A psychologist in a hospital is conducting research designed to assess the effects of a new drug on the social behavior of psychotic patients. Which of the following would be the best way to decrease experimenter bias in this type of study? a. randomized block design b. a Sol omon four -group design c. counterbalancing d. a double -blind study - Answer d. a double blind study Which of the following is a measure of "amount of variability accounted for"? a. Cohen's d b. F-ratio c. alpha d. eta squared - Answer d. eta squared Alpha - Answer Level of significance set by a researcher prior to analyzing data Cohen's d - Answer Used as an index of effect size, but it is a measure of the mean difference between two groups. F-ratio - Answer Statistic calculated when using the analysis of variance The eta coefficient would be used to a. estimate the strength of a nonlinear relationship between two continuous variables b. estimate the strength of the relationship between two rank -ordered varia bles c. estimate the strength of the relationship between two dichotomous variables d. estimate the strength of the relationship between a dichotomous variable and a continuous variable - Answer a. estimate the strength of a nonlinear relationship betwe en two continuous variables. The most common correlation coefficient - Answer Pearson r Pearson r - Answer Used to measure the relationship between two continuous variables that are related in a linear way Note: eta is used when there is a nonline ar relationship Phi Coefficient - Answer Can be used to measure the correlation between two dichotomous variables (i.e, variables that can take one of two values) Point -Bisceral Correlation - Answer Used to measure the correlation between a dichoto mous variable and a continuous variable. Spearmena's rho - Answer Used to measure the correlation between two sets of ranked data You have conducted a study to assess the relationship between salary and job performance, and you find a significant corr elation between these two variables. You assistant tells you that the data fail to take into account a $25.00 cost of living raise that every empoyee received. You should: a. assume the correlation will not be affected b. not be concerned since the added a mount is too small to make a significant difference c. decide that the raise invalidated the research d. reanalyze the data after the raises have been added to the current salaries. - Answer a. assume the correlation will not be affected Note that you are adding a constant to each score in one of both data sets does not change the relationship A psychological researcher would like to determine what variables best distinguish between patients who benefit from psychotherapy and patients who do not. To identify these variables, the research would most likely use which of the following? a. canonical correlation b. factor analysis c. MANOVA d. discriminant function analysis - Answer d. Factor Analysis - Answer Used to reduce variability in a set of variables to a smaller set of unobserved variables, or factors. For example, factor analysis might be used to confirm a theory that score differences on a variety of intelligence measures can be explained in terms of two factors, verbal intelligence and performance intelligence. Discriminant function analysis - Answer Used to identify variables that distinguish between two or more existing or naturally occurring groups. It would involve collecting data on a variety fo measures and determining which combination of them best predict differences between groups. Canonical Correlation - Answer Technique for assessing the relationship between two sets of variables: used to assess the relationship between multiple pred ictor and multiple criterion variables MANOVA - Answer -Used in research studies to evaluate the effects of one or more independent variables on multiple (two or more) dependent variables -a type of ANOVA used when two or more dependent variables are i ncluded in the study -all of the dependent vairables should be measured on a ratio or interval scale A researcher inquires about the subjects' performance expectations and beliefs about the purpose of the study at the conclusion of the experiment. The researcher finds the subjects actual performance is consistent with their beliefs about expectations when analyzing data. The results of the study may be confounded by: a. changing criteria b. carryover effects c. demand characteristics d. the Hawthorne Effec t - Answer c. Demand Characteristics Demand Characteristics - Answer Unintentional cues in the experimental environment or manipulation that affect or account for the results of the study. Subjects may have acted in ways consistent with their expect ations rather than simply in response to the experimental manipulation Hawthorne Effect - Answer Occurs when research subjects act differently because of the novelty of the situation and the special attention they receive as research participants. Carryover Effects - Answer Occur in repeated measures designs when the effects of one treatment have an impact on the effects of subsequent treatments. Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of repeated measures designs? a. practice effects b. carry over effects c. autocorrelation d. multicollinearity - Answer d. multicollinearity Repeated Measures Design AKA - Answer within -subjects design Repeated Measures Design - Answer An experiment using a within -groups design in which participants respond to a dependent variable more than once, after exposure to each level of the independent variable. Disadvantages of Repeated Measures Design - Answer -autocorrelationThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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