(HDEV (Human Lifespan Development) , 6e Spencer A. Rathus)
(Test Bank all Chapter)
Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. During the Middle Ages, children were nurtured until they were seven years old, which was considered the “age of
reason.”
a. True
b. False
2. John Locke believed that children should be treated as property and servants.
a. True
b. False
3. Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that children were born inherently good.
a. True
b. False
4. John Locke said that children begin life bearing ancestral knowledge.
a. True
b. False
5. According to Freud’s psychosexual theory, children develop strong sexual attachments to the same-sex parent during
the phallic stage.
a. True
b. False
6. Extinction results from repeated performance of operant behavior without punishment
a. True
b. False
7. Punishments such as spanking are considered less effective than types of discipline that provide alternative,
acceptable behaviors.
a. True
b. False
8. Bandura’s social cognitive theory argues that children learn by observing models.
a. True
b. False
9. Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory suggests that children actively learn about and take charge of their
environments.
a. True
b. False
10. Fixed action patterns are learned behaviors.
a. True
b. False
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Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
11. During prenatal development, neurotransmitters are responsible for the physical development of female and male
sex organs.
a. True
b. False
12. The nervous systems of most, and perhaps all, animals are “prewired” to respond to most situations in general ways.
a. True
b. False
13. The ecological systems theory of development states that only genetic factors are worth studying.
a. True
b. False
14. The nature-nurture controversy debates whether development is continuous or a series of stages.
a. True
b. False
15. Stage theories consider development as a continuous process.
a. True
b. False
16. Strong arguments or reference to authority figures are commonly used as scientific evidence.
a. True
b. False
17. Case study involves detailing an account of the behavior of multiple subjects.
a. True
b. False
18. Dependent variables are manipulated by experimenters.
a. True
b. False
19. In the context of experiments, experimental outcomes reflect the chance factors and not treatment.
a. True
b. False
20. Cross-sequential research combines the longitudinal and cross-sectional research methods.
a. True
b. False
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
21. Children were most often viewed as innately evil during _______.
a. prehistory.
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Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
b. the Middle Ages.
c. the Industrial Revolution.
d. the 20th century.
22. Jean-Jacques Rousseau is most likely to agree with the fact that:
a. children are born innately good.
b. children are born innately evil.
c. children are influenced by their experiences.
d. children are indifferent to their surroundings.
23. Peter believes that the best way to raise his son is by prompting and reprimanding him whenever he does something
wrong and rewarding him whenever he does something that he thinks is right. Peter believes that he has to be involved
in shaping the child’s behavior. Peter’s ideas agree best with the philosopher _____.
a. Jean Piaget
b. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
c. Konrad Lorenz
d. John Locke
24. Jenna believes that her four-year-old son should always be allowed to do as he pleases. She believes that her son-
like all children-is incapable of doing anything wrong, and allowing him to do whatever he wants is the best way to raise
him. Jenna’s ideas agree best with the philosopher _____.
a. Jean Piaget
b. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
c. Konrad Lorenz
d. John Locke
25. Differentiate between John Locke’s writing and Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s writings.
a. While Locke argued that children are inherently good, Rousseau argued that children were innately evil.
b. While Locke focused on the role of the environment, Rousseau focused on the expression of natural
impulses.
c. While Locke believed that children should be treated as property and servants, Rousseau believed that
children should be treated with respect and care.
d. While Locke believed in the traditional views of developmental psychology, Rousseau believed in the modern
views of developmental psychology.
26. Which of the following is true of family life during the industrial revolution?
a. Family life was legally defined to include three generations of relatives.
b. Family life grew to include extended family members, like cousins, aunts, and uncles.
c. Family life was defined in terms of the nuclear unit of mother, father, and children.
d. Family life shrank to include only one child raised by a single parent.
27. Which of the following is true of children in the 20th century?
a. Children received greater legal protection than they did prior to then.
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Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
b. Children were married at a younger age than those in previous centuries.
c. Children were considered to be the property of their parents.
d. Children experienced less emphasis on education than during previous centuries.
28. The idea of childhood as a special time of life:
a. was concurrent with a time of ease for children during the Industrial Revolution.
b. became evident during the Industrial Revolution, as children became more visible.
c. lasted through the Middle Ages; however, it slowed down during the Industrial Revolution.
d. corresponded to the Middle Ages and the importance of children in the family during this time.
29. The purpose of the first standardized intelligence test was to:
a. measure IQ scores to determine genius-level abilities in children.
b. identify children who were at risk of falling behind in school.
c. create separate classrooms for high- and low-intelligence children.
d. compare people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds.
30. Which of the following is a similarity between John Watson’s school of behaviorism and John Locke’s concept of
tabula rasa?
a. Both emphasize the joint contributions of nature and nurture to one’s development.
b. Both suggest that one’s genetic endowment determines one’s ideas, preferences, and skills.
c. Both suggest that experience determines one’s ideas, preferences, and skills.
d. Both emphasize the importance of maturational processes.
31. Which of the following perspectives of human development is Arnold Gesell credited with?
a. Biological maturation of children
b. The inherent goodness of children
c. The inherently flawed nature of children
d. Environment influences of children
32. The psychosexual theory of development is similar to the psychosocial theory of development in that:
a. both theories assert that human development is a continuous, lifelong process with little or no gaps.
b. both theories suggest that a child’s experiences during early stages affect the child’s emotional and social life
at the time and later on.
c. both theories believe that a child or adult’s behavior is learned.
d. both theories suggest that adaptation and natural selection are connected with behavior.
33. According to Freud, which aspect of our personality is present at birth?
a. The superego
b. The id
c. The ego
d. The archetype
34. Betty is a two-year old. She starts screaming and crying every time her mother makes her drink a glass of milk. She
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