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Summary AQA A level chemistry transition metals revision notes
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A helpful and comprehensive set of revision notes covering the entire transition metals unit of AQA A level chemistry
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Translon Metas23. 1 GENERAL PROPERTIES
Electron ontiqwations: 3+
Sc
CAr] 4s 3d
24
[Ar] 3d2
3+ [A) 3d'
CA) 4s' 345 [A] 3di
Ma (Ar] 3d5
Fe [Ar) 45 34 4 Fe
2+
[A] 3d
[AJ 4s 34'
2+
[AJ 3d?
M, 2*
[A ] 4s' 3419
Zn
CA) 3d0
[A]
The 4s subshel both tills and empt1es betor 3d as it is at
lower energy
energy level.
Transition metals torm stabe ions with pat1ally complete d subshelUs
b Scandium and zinc ave not true transition metals
Chemical Properties ot transit1on metals
Comple Formatomi
- Trans1tion elemens tom complex ions
- Transition metalsn surounded by ligands
Variabe oxid1atM states:
fe 2+2t and Fefe3t
3+
aows them to toalke part in redox reactions
Fom wloured nsi
2t
eg- Cucaq) is blue
changes with ditf erent ligands
Catalysis
- Transbhon metals re good cataysts due to vanabe oxidaton states
catolyst in Haber process
, 23.2 (OMPLEX FORMATION
(Omplex IOn is acentral transito metal ion suounded hy igonds
Liganas are lone-pair donors and tom coordinate bonds.
Coordington numbe number ot coordinat bonds.
2
NC, CN
Fe N;
Nc
H,0 OH,
OH,
(oordnation numbe 6 Coordinathn number 4
Octahedral shape Square planar shape
loord1nation number 2
Linea shape
(oordination number 4 this omplex im is tound
Tetraheda shape in Tolens reagent
large
ligand so fewe fit
asound central metal iom
Types ot igand
Unidentoate - tormm one coordinat band. eg- NH3, HzO, CI
Bidentate-fon two coord1nate bonds. eg. ly 2 - diamnoethane
Multidentate - forms multiple coordinote bonds. eq EDTA*
bo chelat1on s the proess wht mulbid entate Iigands dsplaa
other unidentate ligands In a souton, due to entropy increase
CCu (NH, CH, CH, Nit, ,J e-q Haem is a tetradentate
72+ ligand that toms 4
datve bond to Fe r
NH2 fe2t aso torms a bond
with globin pephda and
NH an O,moleule.
NiH,
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