AANP Practice Questions and correct answers

A 65-year-old woman presents for a follow-up examination after a new patient visit. She has not seen a healthcare provider for several years. She is a smoker and her hypertension is now adequately controlled with medication. Her mother died at age 40 from a heart attack. The fasting lipid profile shows cholesterol = 240 mg/dL, HDL = 30, and LDL = 200. In addition to starting Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes, the nurse practitioner should start the patient on: acid sequestrant. 2. a statin drug. 3. a cholesterol absorption inhibitor. 4. low-dose aspirin. - correct answers A statin drug The most commonly prescribed medication for mild systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is: 1. azathioprine (AZA). 2. belimumab (Benlysta). 3. ibuprofen (Advil). 4. cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). - correct answers ibuprofen (advil) The most common sign of cervical cancer is: 1. postcoital bleeding. 2. strong odor from vaginal discharge. 3. itching in the vaginal area. 4. molluscum contagiosum. - correct answers postcoital bleeding The nurse practitioner prescribes amitriptyline (Elavil) for a patient with neuropathic pain secondary to diabetes mellitus. On follow-up, the patient complains of urine retention and dry mouth. The practitioner would: 1. discontinue amitriptyline and begin ibuprofen (Motrin). 2. refer to physical therapy. 3. start methocarbamol (Robaxin). 4. discontinue amitriptyline and begin gabapentin (Neurontin). - correct answers discontinue amitriptyline and begin gabapentin (neurontin) A 17-year-old male with rheumatoid arthritis is being treated with an NSAID and omeprazole (Prilosec). The patient complains of headache, abdominal pain, and gas. These symptoms are most likely: 1. associated with the omeprazole. 2. related to the underlying condition. 3. the result of the NSAID. 4. caused by viral gastroenteritis. - correct answers associated with the omeprazole The medication of choice for the initial treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is: 1. acetaminophen. 2. prednisone. 3. aspirin. 4. ibuprofen. - correct answers ibuprofen A 12-year-old with sickle cell anemia has recently experienced a sickle cell crisis and presents for a follow-up examination after a recent hospitalization. It is most important to continue monitoring growth, development, and: 1. white blood cell levels. 2. fecal occult blood test. 3. hemoglobin levels. 4. urine dipsticks. - correct answers hemoglobin levels A 90-year-old female is brought to the clinic by her neighbor. She states that everything is fine, but the nurse practitioner notes that she has poor hygiene and bruises on her trunk. The neighbor is concerned that the patient often has no money to buy food, despite income from social security and a coal miner's pension. The nurse practitioner suspects abuse. Which of the following is the nurse practitioner obligated to do next? 1. Report the case to the proper authorities. 2. Tell the neighbor to check on the woman daily and report back. 3. Document the data and report the information to risk management. 4. Call the patient's family and inquire about the concerns. - correct answers report the case to proper authorities In most cases, the first manifestation of Alzheimer's disease is: 1. impaired judgment. 2. decrease in short-term memory. 3. disorientation in time and place. 4. decrease in long-term memory. - correct answers decrease in short-term memory The optimal treatment for latent tuberculosis is: 1. rifampin (Rifadin) for 5 months. 2. isoniazid (Nydrazid) for 9 months. 3. pyrazinamide for 6 months. 4. ethambutol for 6 months. - correct answers osioniazid (nydrazid) for 9 months Unilateral spontaneous serous or serosanguineous discharge from a single duct of a breast is most often caused by: 1. intraductal papilloma. 2. mucinous breast lesions. 3. Paget's disease. 4. ductal carcinoma in situ. - correct answers intraductal papilloma A young child with asthma presents for follow-up evaluation. After numerous changes in medications and doses, the parents report that the child continues to have difficulty with coughing, especially during the night. Which of the following conditions would be the most likely cause of the continued asthma symptoms? 1. Vocal cord dysfunction 2. Cystic fibrosis 3. Gastroesophageal reflux 4. Allergic rhinitis - correct answers gastroesophageal reflux A pregnant woman with known HIV infection can reduce the risk of perinatal transmission through zidovudine (Retrovir) therapy. Based on current research, optimal therapy is to start daily dosing: 1. post amniocentesis. 2. after 14 weeks of gestation. 3. if premature rupture of membranes occurs. 4. if maternal viral loads are greater than 10,000. - correct answers after 14 weeks gestation T-wave inversion with a normal ST segment on a 12-lead EKG may represent: 1. acute coronary ischemia. 2. right ventricular hypertrophy. 3. atrial hypertrophy. 4. hyperkalemia. - correct answers acute coronary ischemia The 16-year-old mother of a 2-month-old presents the infant, reporting that the child is very irritable and does not feed well. During physical examination, the child's head drops back and the child exhibits sudden flexing of the extremities. As the flexing stops, the child cries uncontrollably. Funduscopic examination reveals retinal hemorrhages. Which of the following diagnostic tests should be ordered? 1. Skull X-rays 2. MRI 3. CT scan 4. Pet scan - correct answers CT scan The most important diagnostic factor in evaluating angina pectoris is the patient's: 1. King of Heart's monitor. 2. physical examination. 3. history. 4. echocardiogram. - correct answers history There are three reasons for latex allergies. Which of the following does NOT cause the problem? 1. Immediate hypersensitivity 2. Irritant contact of dermatitis 3. Cytotoxic hypersensitivity 4. Immune complex reaction - correct answers cytotoxic hypersensitivity A patient on warfarin (Coumadin) therapy for recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is about to have lumbar spinal fusion surgery. The patient's warfarin is put on hold starting 5 days prior to the surgery and subcutaneous Lovenox has been ordered for DVT prophylaxis until the resumption of the warfarin. The nurse practitioner knows that the patient's postoperative warfarin dose should be restarted based on the: 1. value of her morning Prothrombin time. 2. loading dose of 10 mg, plus the previous warfarin dose. 3. baseline PT and INR values. 4. target INR of 2. - correct answers caseline PT and INR values An 87-year-old patient presents with round, pruritic plaques and small vesicles on the lower legs. The most likely diagnosis is: 1. allergic contact dermatitis. 2. plaque psoriasis. 3. cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 4. nummular eczema - correct answers nummular eczema A 3-year-old presents with a 2-day history of acute diarrhea with a total of 8 watery stools without blood or mucus, and 2 episodes of vomiting in the past 48 hours. Assessment reveals no current antibiotic therapy, dehydration 5%, soft abdomen with hyperactive bowel sounds, no masses or organomegaly; other physical findings are normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate management plan? 1. Stool culture; Immodium AD liquid. 2. No laboratory workup; instruct parents on signs and symptoms of dehydration; diet of clear liquids, advancing to bananas, rice cereal, Jell-O, and soup. 3. Start diet of clear liquids, advancing to bananas, rice cereal, Jell-O, and soup over next 72 hours; Imodium AD liquid, 1 mg/sml 4. Stool for ova and parasites; advise parents of likely sources of Giardia; prescribe furazolidone (Furoxone) - correct answers No laboratory workup; instruct parents on signs and symptoms of dehydration; diet of clear liquids, advancing to bananas, rice cereal, Jell-O, and soup. A mother presents her 12-month-old child with concern because the child does not yet say "mama" or "dada." The mother reports that in the first months of life, the child loved listening to music and being talked to. The past medical history is negative for ear infections. The nurse practitioner should: 1. evaluate for hearing loss. 2. refer to speech therapy. 3. re-evaluate in 3 months. 4. check for cerumen impaction. - correct answers evaluate for hearing loss The most common side effect of the oral ribavirin used in the treatment of hepatitis C is: 1. hemolytic anemia. 2. weight loss. 3. depression. 4. hypothyroidism. - correct answers hemolytic anemia An 86-year-old patient presents with pinguecula, a yellow triangular degenerative tissue thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva. This condition is: 1. cured by eye drops. 2. a genetic process. 3. a malignant growth. 4. a solar-induced lesion - correct answers a solar-induced lesion During a well-child examination of an 18-month-old, premature tooth decay and inflamed gums, particularly of the maxillary incisors, are noted. The approach to this problem includes: 1. referring the child to a dentist, assessing for bottle feeding and fluoride in local water. 2. teaching the mother to brush the child's teeth, encouraging vitamin supplements. 3. recommending fluoride mouthwash and toothpaste, suggesting celery sticks for snacks. 4. providing fluoride treatment, teaching dental hygiene, and eating foods high in calcium. - correct answers referring the child to a dentist, assessing for bottle feeding and fluoride in local water Which of the following is typically observed in the GI system upon stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system? 1. No overall effect 2. Increased sphincter tone 3. Increased peristalsis 4. Decreased secretions - correct answers increased peristalsis Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by which of the following? 1. Decreased production of exogenous glucagon-like peptide 2. Autoimmune beta-cell destruction 3. Relative deficiency of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 4. Decreased reabsorption of sodium-glucose transporters - correct answers decreased reabsorption of sodium-glucose transporters In pulmonary function testing, forced vital capacity represents the: 1. maximum volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after maximum inspiration. 2. total volume of air that is exhaled after normal inspiration. 3. total volume of air that the lungs can hold, minus the expiratory reserve volume. 4. volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled in 1 second. - correct answers maximum volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after maximum inspiration An adult male presents as first patient of the day after awaking about 5:00 AM with indigestion and chest pressure. On checking his pulse, he found no change from previous measurements. He states that, while waiting for the nurse practitioner to arrive, he began to feel a little clammy. A 12-lead EKG records the following patterns. On the basis of these EKG readings, the diagnosis is: 1. anterior-septal acute myocardial infarction. 2. lateral acute myocardial infarction. 3. inferior acute myocardial infarction. 4. anterior acute myocardial infarction. - correct answers inferior acute myocardial infarction