Introduction
As a school student, you must have received guidance from your parents, teachers,
and others. You have received advice, suggestions, directions to do some work
systematically when you needed. As a college student, you may have given advice to
some school children or your classmates...
i) Historical Background – India and USA
ii) Meaning and Basic Principles
iii) Appraisal of Students;
a) Philosophy underlying appraisal
b) Principles of appraisal
Unit II Models for Guidance:
i) Parsonian : Vocational Guidance
ii) Brewarian : Guidance as identical
with Education
iii) Hoyts : Guidance as
constellation of Service.
Unit III Counselling:
i) Meaning & Purposes
ii) Elements & Steps in Counselling
iii) Distinction between Counselling &
Psychotherapy
, Introduction to Paper
Dear Students,
The paper comprises four units which highlight the conceptual understanding of
Guidance and Counseling. The main objective of this paper is to acquaint the students
with the important guidance and counseling in day to day life situations especially in the
area of education.
Unit I: It deals with meaning and importance of guidance with special reference to its
historical background in India and USA. The unit also discusses the basic principles of
guidance.
Unit II: It deals with the techniques and models of guidance like Parsonian model and
Hoyts model.
Unit III: It tends to explain meaning and purposes of counseling. This unit also explains
the various elements and steps involved in counseling.
Unit IV: It discusses the theories of counseling like Directive/ Non-directive and Psycho-
analytical.
Wish u a happy reading!
Coordinator
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