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HMX GENETICS- ALL/158 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (A+)
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HMX GENETICS- ALL/158QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (A+)
Nucleotide - √Answer :deoxyribose, a 5C sugar with a
hydroxyl group on the 3' carbon and a phosphate group
on the 5' carbon, and a nitrogen base attached to the 1'
carbon
Quiz :Amino acid - √Answer :coded 5' to 3' (N terminus
to C terminus)
Quiz :Central dogma - √Answer :describes the flow of
information from DNA (genotype) to RNA (portable) to
protein (phenotype) via transcription and translation
Quiz :Codon - √Answer :A specific sequence of three
adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that
provides genetic code information for a particular amino
acid
Quiz :DNA - √Answer :is usually right-handed with 10
bp/turn
Quiz :Exons - √Answer :RNA chunks that contain the
actual coding genes
Quiz :Introns - √Answer :filler portions of RNA that are
removed from transcript
Quiz :Frameshift variant - √Answer :a nucleotide
exchange that changes all of the amino acids after it
(usually an insertion, deletion, or duplication)
,Quiz :Genotype - √Answer :An organism's genetic
makeup, or allele combinations.
Quiz :Missense variant - √Answer :an exchange of
nucleotides that leads to a change in a single amino
acid within a chain
Quiz :Nonsense variant - √Answer :a nucleotide
exchange that leads to stopping translation early by
encoding a stop codon
Quiz :Nucleic acid - √Answer :a complex organic
substance present in living cells, especially DNA or
RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides
linked in a long chain.
Quiz :Phenotype - √Answer :the physical manifestation
of genes; shows through protein structure and function
Quiz :Protein - √Answer :A three dimensional polymer
made of monomers of amino acids.
Quiz :RNA - √Answer :more portable than DNA; has
uracil and ribose sugars
Quiz :Silent variant - √Answer :an exchange of
nucleotides that results in identical amino acid chains to
the original template
Quiz :SNP - √Answer :a common variant affecting one
nucleotide (must be present in more than 1% of the
population)
, Quiz :Transcription - √Answer :synthesis of an RNA
molecule from a DNA template
Quiz :Translation - √Answer :decoding of a mRNA
message into a polypeptide chain
Quiz :Transcription factor - √Answer :A regulatory
protein that binds to DNA and affects transcription of
specific genes.
Quiz :How are genes typically written? - √Answer :in the
5' to 3' direction
Quiz :Nucleosome - √Answer :DNA helix wound around
histone proteins; makes up chromatin
Quiz :Alignment - √Answer :the position of data within a
cell; how DNA is organized for genome sequencing
Quiz :Cas9 Protein - √Answer :nuclease used in
CRISPR to cut certain sequences of DNA (guide RNA
finds the sequence first)
Quiz :CRISPR - √Answer :Clustered Regularly
Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; the leading
approach to genomic editing
Quiz :Epigenomics - √Answer :study of epigenetic
component of a cell (ex: DNA methylation)
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