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Samenvatting economie
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ECONOMIEInhoud
H0: Inleiding...........................................................................................................................................7
Aantal trends..................................................................................................................................7
0.1) Doel van economische wetenschap............................................................................................7
0.2) Welvaart en welzijn.....................................................................................................................8
0.3) Soorten goederen........................................................................................................................8
0.4) Consumptie en productie............................................................................................................9
0.5) De methode.................................................................................................................................9
0.6) Ceteris Paribus.............................................................................................................................9
0.7) Micro, meso en macro-economie................................................................................................9
1.1) Keuze van de optimale goederencombinatie................................................................................15
1.1.1) De preferenties.......................................................................................................................16
SOCIOLOGISCHE factoren.............................................................................................................16
PSYCHOLOGISCHE factoren..........................................................................................................16
MARGINALE NUT OF GRENSNUT..................................................................................................16
EERSTE WET VAN GOSSEN / WET VAN DALEND GRENSNUT.........................................................16
1.1.2) Budget en prijzen....................................................................................................................16
BUDGETLIJN opstellen..................................................................................................................16
1.2) De prijsvraagcurve.........................................................................................................................18
1.2.1) De afleiding van de individuele vraagcurve............................................................................18
1.2.2) Een beweging langs de individuele vraagcurve......................................................................19
1.2.3) Verschuivingen van de individuele vraagcurve.......................................................................19
VERANDERINGEN IN HET INKOMEN.............................................................................................19
VERANDERINGEN IN PREFERENTIESCHAAL...................................................................................20
VERANDERINGEN IN DE PRIJS VAN ANDERE GOEDEREN..............................................................20
1.2.4) De collectieve of marktvraagcurve.........................................................................................20
1.3) De elasticiteit van de vraag...........................................................................................................21
1.3.1) De prijselasticiteit van de vraag..............................................................................................21
1.3.2) De kruiselingse prijselasticiteit van de vraag..........................................................................23
1.3.3) De inkomenselasticiteit van de vraag.....................................................................................23
1.4) Het consumentengedrag in België.................................................................................................24
1.4.1) Het bestedingspatroon van de Belgische particulieren..........................................................24
Evolutieschets van de particuliere consumptie 2015-2021..........................................................24
, Het bestedingspatroon van de Belgische gezinnen......................................................................25
1.4.2) Het spaargedrag van de Belgische particulieren.....................................................................25
Factoren bepalend voor het spaargedrag op lange termijn:.........................................................25
Factoren bepalend voor het spaargedrag op korte termijn:.........................................................25
1.5) Metingen van de prijzen, de consumptieprijsindex.......................................................................26
1.5.1) Voorwaarden waaraan de consumptieprijsindex als inflatiemeter moet voldoen.................26
1.5.2) De consumptieprijsindex........................................................................................................26
BTW..............................................................................................................................................26
Indexeren en spilindex..................................................................................................................27
2.1. Bepaling van de optimale productiegrootte..................................................................................33
Omzet/afzet......................................................................................................................................33
Productiviteit....................................................................................................................................33
2.2. De wet van de toe- en afnemende meeropbrengst.......................................................................34
2.3. Het kostenverloop.........................................................................................................................35
2.3.1. Totale constante kosten.........................................................................................................35
2.3.2 Totale variabele kosten............................................................................................................35
2.3.3 De totale kosten......................................................................................................................36
2.3.4 De gemiddelde & marginale kosten.........................................................................................37
2.4. Het opbrengstenverloop bij volkomen concurrentie.....................................................................39
2.5. De optimale productiegrootte bij volkomen concurrentie............................................................40
Winstmaximalisatie op 2 manieren:.............................................................................................40
2.6. De afleiding van de aanbodcurve bij volkomen concurrentie........................................................41
2.6.1 De individuele aanbodcurve....................................................................................................41
2.6.2 Een beweging langs de individuele aanbodcurve....................................................................42
2.6.3 Een verschuiving van de individuele aanbodcurve..................................................................42
2.6.4 De collectieve of marktaanbodcurve.......................................................................................42
2.7. De break-evenanalyse...................................................................................................................43
2.8. De prijselasticiteit van het aanbod................................................................................................43
3.1. Markt en marktvormen.................................................................................................................50
3.2. De volkomen concurrentie............................................................................................................50
3.2.1 Kenmerken..............................................................................................................................50
3.2.2. Het marktevenwicht bij volkomen concurrentie....................................................................51
3.2.3. Dynamische vraag- en aanbodrelaties (=spinnenwebtheorema)...........................................52
3.2.4. Ingrijpen van de overheid in de prijsvorming.........................................................................52
3.3. De onvolkomen concurrentie........................................................................................................53
3.3.1 Het monopolie kenmerken......................................................................................................53
, 3.3.2 Het oligopolie kenmerken.......................................................................................................54
3.3.3. De monopolistische concurrentie kenmerken........................................................................55
3.4. Het prijsbeleid in België.................................................................................................................55
4.1. De economische kringloop............................................................................................................62
4.2. De berekening van de economische activiteit...............................................................................62
4.2.1. Bruto en netto........................................................................................................................63
VERVANGINGSINVESTERINGEN....................................................................................................63
NETTO-INVESTERINGEN................................................................................................................63
4.2.2. Tegen marktprijzen en tegen factorprijzen.............................................................................64
Bruto-product berekenen:............................................................................................................65
4.2.3. Nationaal en binnenlands.......................................................................................................66
4.3. Het reële en het nominale BBP......................................................................................................68
BBP per capita..............................................................................................................................68
4.4. Het BBP is goede maatstaf voor welvaart......................................................................................68
Donuteconomie............................................................................................................................69
5.1 Conjunctuur....................................................................................................................................75
5.1.1 Beschrijving..............................................................................................................................75
Indicatoren van de economische activiteit...................................................................................75
5.1.2 Verklaring................................................................................................................................76
Exogene verklaringen...................................................................................................................76
Endogene verklaringen.................................................................................................................76
5.1.3 Conjunctuurpolitiek.................................................................................................................77
5.2 De economische groei....................................................................................................................77
5.2.2 Determinanten (motoren) van de groeibeweging...................................................................77
5.2.3 De voor- en nadelen van de economische groei......................................................................77
5.3 Ontwikkeling...................................................................................................................................78
5.3.1 Inkomen als ontwikkelingsmaatstaf.........................................................................................78
Lolenzcurve.......................................................................................................................................78
GINI-coëfficiënt.................................................................................................................................78
5.3.3 Oorzaken van lager ontwikkelingstempo.................................................................................79
Opgave.............................................................................................................................................79
6.1 De hoogte van het nationaal inkomen............................................................................................85
6.1.1. De macro-economische consumptie- en spaarvergelijking....................................................86
6.1.2. De investeringsvergelijking.....................................................................................................86
6.1.4. De investeringsmultiplicator...................................................................................................86
6.1.5. De accelerator........................................................................................................................86
, 6.1.6. De hoogte van het nationaal inkomen en de tewerkstelling..................................................87
Adam Smith..................................................................................................................................87
David Ricardo................................................................................................................................87
Thomas Mathus............................................................................................................................87
John Maynard Keynes...................................................................................................................87
ECB (gouverneurs)........................................................................................................................88
6.2 De arbeidsmarkt.............................................................................................................................88
6.2.1. Aanbod van arbeidskrachten..................................................................................................88
6.2.2. Vraag naar arbeidskrachten....................................................................................................89
EUROPA 2030-strategie................................................................................................................89
6.2.3. Werkloosheid over de periode 2014-2020.............................................................................89
6.2.4. Werkloosheid: soorten en oorzaken.......................................................................................90
6.2.5. Bestrijding van de werkloosheid.............................................................................................91
Samenstelling van de loonkost.....................................................................................................92
6.3 Concurrentievermogen, loonvorming en innovatie........................................................................92
6.3.1 Concurrentievermogen............................................................................................................92
6.3.2 Loonvorming............................................................................................................................92
Loonindexering.............................................................................................................................93
Automatische loonindexering, pro en contra...............................................................................93
6.3.3 Innovatie..................................................................................................................................93
7.1 Het geld..........................................................................................................................................99
7.1.1 Functies van het geld...............................................................................................................99
7.1.2 Betalingsverkeer vandaag........................................................................................................99
7.1.3 Geldsubstitutie - geldschepping.............................................................................................100
7.1.4 Vraag en aanbod naar geld....................................................................................................100
7.1.5 Het monetaire evenwicht......................................................................................................100
7.2 De monetaire politiek en het eurosysteem..................................................................................101
7.2.1 Doelstellingen en taken.........................................................................................................101
7.3 Het inflatieverschijnsel.................................................................................................................101
Het inflatiespook............................................................................................................................101
7.3.1 Begrip....................................................................................................................................101
7.3.2 Oorzaken...............................................................................................................................102
7.3.3 Gevolgen................................................................................................................................102
7.3.4 Bestrijding van inflatie...........................................................................................................102
7.3.5 De inflatie 2015-2021............................................................................................................103
7.3.6 Deflatie..................................................................................................................................103
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