NR283 Patho Final Help Exam Questions With All Correct Answers

NR283 Patho Final Help Exam Questions With All Correct Answers Hyponatremia S/S - ANSWER LOW BP, anoerexia, nasuea, cramps, fatigue, legarthy, muscle weakness, headache, confusion, seizures Hypernatremia S/S - ANSWER high BP, edema, weakness, legarthy, agitation, thirst Hydrostatic pressure - ANSWER pressure exerted to push fluid from one compartment to another osmotic pressure - ANSWER draws fluid from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration hyperosmolar state - ANSWER high sodium, low water hypoosmolar state - ANSWER excess water, sodium low what causes fluid movement? - ANSWER 1. Electrolytes (used by the body to adjust fluid levels like sodium - can either pull water from cells or into cells) 2. Blood pressure 3. Proteins (they attract additional water to increase fluid imbalance. Low protein causes edema) 4. Hormones (attract fluid or control the pressure of the vascular system) primary hormones used to increase or decrease fluid levels - ANSWER 1. Antidiuertic hormone (ADH) signals the kidneys to promote reabsorption of water 2. Aldosterone signals kidneys for reabsorption of sodium ions and water 3. ANP and BNP are secreted by the heart to assist with fluid level maintenance Hypovolemia - ANSWER decreased blood volume Hypovolemia causes - ANSWER Anemia, dehydration, gastrointestinal bleeding, extensive burns, severe diarrhea/vomit Hypovolemia S/S - ANSWER Dizziness, lightheadedness, low BP, high HR, weight loss, oliguria/anuria (scant/no urine output), passing out, hypernatremia Hypervolemia causes - ANSWER Heart failure, liver failure (cirrhosis), and renal failure Hypervolemia S/S - ANSWER Generalized edema, weight gain, shortness of breath, low SpO2, increased respiratory rate, oliguria/anuria, hyponatremia Hypotonic Dehydration - ANSWER the loss of more sodium than water, resulting in cellular swelling Hypertonic dehydration - ANSWER water loss exceeds sodium loss, water is transported out, cell shrinks Mild Dehydration S/S - ANSWER thirst, dry or sticky mouth, not urinating very much, dark yellow urine, dry and cool skin, headache, muscle cramps, bad breath Severe Dehydration S/S - ANSWER not urinating or having very dark yellow urine, dark and warm skin, feeling dizzy, rapid heartbeat, sunken eyes, sleepiness, lack of energy, confusion, irrability, fainting