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CEN PEDIATRIC: QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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CEN PEDIATRIC: QUESTIONS & ANSWERSEmergency medical services rush a girl, age 4, to the emergency department.
The child was at her day care center when she developed sudden-onset
wheezing after eating cookies to celebrate another child's birthday. During the
ambulance ride to the hospital, the child demonstrated flushed skin, and her
blood pressure was lower than expected. Which disorder should you suspect?
A. Foreign body aspiration
B. Anaphylactic reaction
C. Asthma exacerbation
D. Acute viral illness Correct Ans - An anaphylactic reaction produces
wheezing, flushed skin, and hypotension because of vasodilation. Although
foreign body aspiration and asthma exacerbation may cause wheezing, they
do not typically cause skin flushing and hypotension. An acute viral illness is
not associated with such an abrupt onset. Expect to counsel the child's
caregivers to have the child undergo allergy testing because the cookies may
have contained an ingredient that led to her anaphylaxis.
Alyssa, age 4, is brought to the emergency department by her parents, who
inform you that Alyssa has had a bad cough for the past 5 days. They also
inform you that Alyssa has asthma. You observe that Alyssa is quiet and pale.
What is your first priority in triage for Alyssa?
A. Assess the work of breathing.
B. Obtain a temperature.
C. Measure oxygen saturation.
D. Measure the blood pressure. Correct Ans - At this time, based on
Alyssa's history and signs and symptoms, the priority is assessing the work of
breathing to determine her level of respiratory distress. Assessing the work of
breathing is one of the three components of the Pediatric Assessment
,Triangle. Expect to perform all of the other assessments, but they are not the
initial priority.
Which parameter is part of the secondary survey?
A. Work of breathing
B. General appearance
C. Circulation to the skin
D. Vital signs Correct Ans - Vital signs are an important part of the
secondary survey. The Pediatric Assessment Triangle, which is completed on
the child's presentation to the emergency department, uses three physiologic
parameters to evaluate the severity of illness and injury: general appearance,
work of breathing, and circulation to the skin.
f 52 to 92 mm Hg, and weight of 3 kg.
What is the most common cause of status epilepticus in pediatric patients?
A. Trauma
B. Anoxia
C. Febrile illness
D. Infection Correct Ans - Febrile illness is by far the most common
cause of status epilepticus in pediatric patients. However, status epilepticus
may also be a manifestation of anoxia, infection, trauma, ingestion, or
metabolic disorder.
Which viral illness is potentially life threatening in very young infants?
A. Croup
B. Pertussis
C. Epiglottitis
D. Bronchiolitis Correct Ans - Bronchiolitis is a viral illness that causes
expiratory obstruction,
air trapping, and
thick, copious mucous,
, resulting in varying degrees of respiratory distress.
It can be life threatening in very young infants and in high-risk patients, such
as those who have a congenital heart defect, a chronic lung disease, human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, or chromosomal abnormalities.
what is Croup Correct Ans - a common viral illness of young pediatric
patients, but it is rarely life threatening.
Pertussis and epiglottitis are Correct Ans - bacterial infections that are
preventable with immunization.
Which abnormality should you expect to find in a cold-stressed neonate?
Correct Ans - Hypoglycemia
Cold stress may precipitate hypoglycemia but does not cause hypercalcemia,
hypocalcemia, or hypokalemia.
Which statement accurately characterizes cardiovascular emergencies in
pediatric patients?
A. Primary rhythm disturbances are common in pediatric patients.
B. Congenital heart disease is the leading cause of heart failure in these
patients.
C. Hemorrhage due to trauma is the chief cause of significant volume loss.
D. Anaphylaxis typically causes petechial or purpuric skin lesions. Correct
Ans - Congenital heart disease accounts for most of the pediatric patients
seen in the emergency department with heart failure.
In pediatric patients, primary rhythm disturbances are uncommon because
rhythm disturbances usually result from an underlying disorder, such as
hypoxia or a metabolic disturbance.
The chief cause of volume loss is dehydration caused by gastrointestinal
disorders.
Patients with septic shock, not anaphylaxis, develop petechiae and purpura.
Magical thinking is characteristic of pediatric patients in which developmental
stage?
A. Toddler
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