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CEN RENAL STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CEN RENAL STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSA man, age 24, is brought to the emergency department after being in a motor
vehicle collision. He was trapped in his vehicle for 45 minutes because his legs
were pinned during the impact. Because of this patient's mechanism of injury
and presenting injuries, the nurse should monitor for which condition?
Correct Ans - Rhabdomyolysis
Crush injuries can cause rhabdomyolysis due to muscle tissue damage.
These injuries can also lead to hyperkalemia.
Urinary calculi alter renal function by interfering with which factor?
Correct Ans - urine collection and drainage from the kidneys
Urinary calculi form in the kidneys and pass down the ureters into the
bladder.
They do not alter the blood flow or structural support of the kidneys.
They do not affect the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine but do alter the
urine outflow from the kidneys.
A woman, age 35, complains of a persistent, urgent need to void; urination of
minimal urine; suprapubic pain; and pain during intercourse.
The pain has continued for more than a month and worsens during
menstruation.
Urinalysis shows no red blood cells or bacteria in the urine. The nurse should
suspect which disorder? Correct Ans - Interstitial cystitis
Interstitial cystitis produces recurring discomfort or pain in the bladder and
the surrounding pelvic region as well as urinary urgency with minimal urine
output.
A woman, age 31, complains of pain with urination, urinary frequency, and
obvious hematuria. She reports being sexually active with only one partner
and denies having vaginal discharge. On palpation, she has bilateral flank pain
and abdominal tenderness. Her temperature is 100.4°F (38°C), and her urine
is cloudy. Her last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago.
,This patient probably has which disorder? Correct Ans - Urinary tract
infection
This patient's signs and symptoms suggest a urinary tract infection or
pyelonephritis.
Urinary calculi can cause hematuria and dysuria, but the patient's fever and
bilateral flank pain suggest a disorder other than urinary calculi.
A man, age 29, arrives in the emergency department with severe scrotal pain
that radiates to the abdomen, tenderness along the spermatic cord, fever, and
urethral discharge.
The complete blood count shows an elevated white blood cell count.
Which disorder should the nurse suspect?
Prostatitis
Priapism
Epididymitis
Testicular torsion Correct Ans - Epididymitis
This patient's signs and symptoms are consistent with epididymitis.
Testicular torsion does not produce a fever and urethral discharge.
Priapism is a persistent, painful erection that is not associated with sexual
desire, which this patient does not have.
Prostatitis tends to cause pain in the lower back but not the scrotum.
Which patient is most likely to develop acute kidney injury? Correct Ans -
A patient with anaphylactic shock
A patient with anaphylactic shock is most likely to develop renal failure as a
result of decreased renal perfusion. Although the combination of pregnancy
and diabetes mellitus increase the risk of renal problems, a patient with
anaphylaxis is at greater risk. Superficial partial thickness burns are unlikely
to cause renal failure, especially if the patient is normovolemic. Dysrhythmias
, without a corresponding decrease in cardiac output are unlikely to result in
renal failure.
A mother brings her son, age 15, to the emergency department. He has been
complaining of constant genital pain for 24 hours. The diagnosis is testicular
torsion. What is the most serious possible complication? Correct Ans -
Testicular infarction
Testicular torsion causes a vascular compromise of the testes within 4 to 6
hours and can lead to infarction, which results in atrophy and loss of
spermiogenesis.
Impotence, renal failure, and infection are not complications of testicular
torsion.
Which process keeps pressure in the glomerulus constant over a wide range
of blood pressures? Correct Ans - Autoregulation
Through autoregulation,
dilation and constriction of the afferent arteriole (both processes, not just
one) keep the pressure in the glomerulus constant despite a wide range of
systolic blood pressures.
What is the functional unit of the kidneys? Correct Ans - Nephron
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidneys.
Each kidney contains about 1.2 million nephrons, which perform various
functions related to secretion and reabsorption.
Blood enters and exits the kidneys through which renal structure? Correct
Ans - Hilum
The renal artery and nerve enter and the renal vein and ureter exit from the
hilum.
The renal cortex is the outer portion of the kidney and the renal medulla is the
inner portion.
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