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CEN __ Questions & Answers (100% Correct)
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CEN __ Questions & Answers (100% Correct)
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CEN __ Questions & Answers (100% Correct)Mean Arterial Pressure Correct Ans - average pressure over entire
cardiac cycle, better indicator of perfusion compared to BP, maintain above 60
mm Hg
(SBP+ [DBPx2])/3
Pediatric bolus Correct Ans - 10 ml/kg
narrowing pulse pressure Correct Ans - low systemic pressure, r/t
blood loss, decreased stroke volume
widening pulse pressure Correct Ans - high systemic pulse pressure,
may be transient and normal after exercise, caused by chronic (arterial
disease) and acute conditions (aortic aneurysm)
Cushing's Triad Correct Ans - indicative of increased ICP,
1. widening pulse pressure (or HTN)
2. Bradycardia
3. decreased respirations
Chronotropes Correct Ans - drugs that affect the HR, at SA node
alter heart rate; adrenaline (positive), digoxin (negative)
Dromotropes Correct Ans - Drugs which affect automacity (HR) at AV
node
Inotropes Correct Ans - Medication that affect contractility
Frank-Starling Law Correct Ans - Increased End Diastolic Volume will
increase the stroke volume
Cocaine + Beta-blockers Correct Ans - results in vasoconstriction and
significant HTN
Wolff-Parkinson-White Correct Ans - Increased HR r/t extra pathway
between atria and ventricles, presence of Delta wave
,First degree heart block Correct Ans - prolonged P-R interval, low
degree heart block
Second degree Type I heart block Correct Ans - gradual prolonging of
P-R interval, eventually drops QRS complex, low level heart block,
Wenckebach
Second degree Type II heart block Correct Ans - CONSISTENT P-R
interval followed by QRS complex, consistent dropped QRS, high degree heart
block, Mobitz
Third degree heart block Correct Ans - no coordination between atria
and ventricles, p wave may be hidden in QRS, high degree heart block,
complete heart block
Heart block interventions Correct Ans - Atropine for LOW Degree
heart blocks, pacing for HIGH degree heart blocks
Pericarditis Correct Ans - inflammation of the pericardial sac, sudden
onset of chest pain, CP relieved by leaning forward or sitting up, CP increases
with inspiration, activity, or supine position
Beck's Triad Correct Ans - Clinical Manifestations of pericardial
tamponade: the 3 D's
1. Distant (muffled) heart sounds
2. Distended jugular veins
3. Decreased BP
Kussmaul Sign Correct Ans - Elevation of neck veins with inspiration
Pericardial Tamponade precautions Correct Ans - use caution,
intubation will decrease venous return to right side of heart due to
endotracheal tube, positive PEEP pressure will also exacerbate tamponade
Peripheral arterial disease interventions Correct Ans - increase HOB
but not extremity, increase activity
Peripheral venous disease Correct Ans - elevate extremity, bed rest
, Acute Bronchitis Correct Ans - viral infection of upper airways, cough
lasting more than 5 days, increased cough with deep inspiration, dry cough
progresses to productive cough, self limiting illness
Bronchiolitis Correct Ans - viral infection in children less than 2 years
old usually, produces COPIOUS SECRETIONS, primary intervention is to
SUCTION nares
Chronic Bronchitis Correct Ans - type of COPD, cough and sputum
production for at least 3 months for 2 consecutive years, "Blue Bloater,"
peripheral edema, enlarged heart, cyanosis, stocky, polycythemia
Emphysema Correct Ans - type of COPD, destruction of alveoli, "pink
puffer," does not usually have a cough, thin, tachypnic, barrel chest, pursed lip
breathing, lung over inflation on CXR
COPD discharge instructions Correct Ans - encourage immunizations,
small frequent meals to increase chest excursion, adequate hydration to keep
secretions thin
asthma discharge instructions Correct Ans - pretreat prior to exercise/
activity, encase pillows and mattresses in vinyl, wash bedding with hot water
once per week, use spacer with MDI
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Correct Ans - decreases
venous return to heart, CPAP or BiPAP, must be able to manage secretions
Kehr's sign Correct Ans - pain referred to the left shoulder r/t
ruptured diaphragm or spleen injury
chest drainage system Correct Ans - initial output of 1500 ml of blood
is not good, 200 ml/hr is too much
Mallory Weiss syndrome Correct Ans - tear of mucous membrane
where esophagus meets stomach, caused by violent retching and vomiting,
could be cause of upper GI bleed
Duodenal ulcer Correct Ans - pain on empty stomach, relieved with
eating and antacids, heals spontaneously
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