-Alberti - -first intentional separation of the art
from the craft
Established architecture as a profession
distinct from the science of engineering &
construction
-From the 15th century into 19th century - -Architects retained responsibility for both
design & construction
-Effects of the Industrial Revolution - -Task specialization
• Ability to communicate design intent
• Division of labor
• Entrepreneurship
• Need for capital
-Hammurabi - -established the
earliest known body of laws written to
, govern its people which included codes for
builders
-Code of Hammurabi - -Obligation of design & construction to society
-Six of Hummurabi's codes for builders - -if a builder build a house and completes it,
the Owner shall
pay a fee of 2 shekels in money for each sar of surface
• If a builder build a house and does not construct it properly
and the house fall in and kills its owner, the builder is put to
death
• If the building fall in and kills the son of the owner then the
son of the builder is put to death
• If kill the slave of the owner, then the builder pays for the
slave
• If goods are ruin, builder shall make compensation and reerect
the house from his own means
• If walls topple, even though not complete, builder shall reerect
from his own means
-Vitruvius - -Roman writer, engineer, architect lived in 1st century
B.C. (Roman Empire)
• Vitruvius created the original design and
construction hand book
• De architectura libri decem - (10 books of architecture - manufacturer of building
materials/roads & bridges/heating water/amplification)
• Credited with transitioning the practice of architecture
and engineering to a routine practice
• Established design and construction management as
learned professions
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