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Information Management and the Application of Technology NotesInformation Management.
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1C468 Info Mgt & Tech App Notes
Information Management and the Application of Technology Notes
Information Management
-The graduate analyzes the role of info management in the delivery of timely, high-quality, patient-
centered care-
Informatics and Information Science - IT
Information Science --- Informatics- Information systems
● Information Science are the roots to the tree of Informatics – with Information systems and
Information Technologies as branches.
● Information Systems vs. Information Science
● Information Science: Primarily focused on input, processing, output, and feedback through
technology integration.
■ Incorporates features from communication science, computer science, social science,
library science, and cognitive science.
■ Applies technology to make information usable.
■ Supports the collection and management of info.
■ This is the focus on how to gather, process and transform information into
knowledge. It also incorporates features from these five other sciences: communication science,
computer science, social science, library science, and cognitive science.
● Information Systems: Computer systems that use hardware and software to process data into
information in order to solve a problem.
○ Using the EHR to document care of a patient with a femur fx is an example of using
the EHR in which way? — Information System
○ Information systems are used to collect, create, and distribute useful data.
○ The development, use, and management of an organization's I.T. infrastructure.
○ An umbrella term for sub-categories such as: clinical information systems, core business
systems, case management system, and communication systems.
● Life cycle of Information Systems (Know what happens in each phase)
○ Needs Assessment Phase:
■ *determine needs and wants in an information system*, gap analysis
■ Investigating current deficits and needs of the organization IS NOT a role in they
system implementation phase. It is a role in the Needs Assessment phase.
○ System Selection Phase: The organization seeks out a vendor company that provides a
system that best fits the needs. There are three documents that are used:
■ 1) Request for information document: (RFI) Initial contact with the vendor. Get essential
information about the *company’s history* (How many other organizations have used them?)
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C468 Info Mgt & Tech App Notes
■ 2) Request for Proposal document: (RFP) Organization prioritizes or rates their needs
and wants. Sends the outline to the vendor and asks if they can meet this need.
■ 3)Request for Quote document: (RFQ) Pricing, finances, and contract terms.
■ It’s not important that selection committee board members understand software
and electronic processes. *They aren’t the end users who need to be trained* in the system. They
just have to have a general understanding of it.
○ System Implementation Phase:
■ Go live planning→ Train staff (including end users)→ Analyst starts building
screens and templates according to organization and its policies→ Apply any changes specific to
that organization→ Go live.
■ Presenting the system design to management is not the responsibility of the
project implementation team.
● Maintenance Phase: Problem solving, any debugging, files backed up routinely and install any
system upgrades, make sure it’s working as intended.
○ It is a continuous cycle.
○ System Evaluation IS NOT a phase of the information system life cycle.
● Informatics vs. Information Technology
○ Informatics: A combination of nursing science, computer science, and information
science.
■ Specific information technologies that support nursing practice.
■ It is the science and art of turning data into information.
○ Information Technologies: A general term used to refer to the management and
processing of information with the assistance of computers, ex → EHR, barcode medication
administration… (Uses computers to transmit data.)
■ CPOE, barcode medication administration and clinical decision support are all
examples of Information Technologies.
○ Commonalities: Both aid in clinical decision making and are a major resource for many
organizations.
● Discuss the relationship between the terms:
○ Data: A collection of numbers, characters, or facts that are gathered according to some
perceived need for analysis and possibly action at a later point in time.
■ A patient's height, weight, code status, and date of birth are all examples of data.
Once data is analyzed and interpreted, it then becomes information.
○ Information: Data that have been interpreted.
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C468 Info Mgt & Tech App Notes
○ Knowledge: The synthesis of information derived from several sources to produce a
single concept or idea. It is based on a logical process of analysis and provides order to thoughts and
ideas and decreases uncertainty.
■ The Foundation of Knowledge Model: This is the basis for which knowledge is used to
meet the needs of the healthcare delivery system. It is derived from its three key elements of:
● knowledge acquisition
● knowledge processing
● knowledge dissemination.
○ Wisdom: Occurs when knowledge is used appropriately to manage and solve problems.
Relate the concept of information literacy to nursing informatics?
○ Information literacy: The ability to recognize when information is needed as well as the
skills to find, evaluate, and use needed information effectively.
● Nursing and Informatics
○ Nursing Informatics: The use of technology and information to help support all aspects of
nursing practice.
○ Includes direct delivery of care, administration, education, and research.
● Recognize the role of nurses as knowledge workers:
○ A knowledge worker is a: specialist in their field.
■ They have advanced formal education.
■ They can apply theoretical and analytical knowledge.
● .
■ continuous learner, use technology to support and inform nursing practice, and
generate knowledge as a product.
● Explain the relationship of information science, computer science, and nursing science within the
context of nursing practice:
○ These are the core sciences of nursing informatics/they are combined to make up
nursing informatics.
● New technologies are continuously impacting the practice of nursing. Nursing informatics will
continue to evolve with changes in the profession, the healthcare delivery system, and informatics
in general.
● Know the different levels and expectations:
○ Novice/Beginning nurse: These Rns are more task based, but transition to knowledge
based as they gain experience.
■ They possess basic computer skills and can use information systems to manage pts.
■ They can access data and charts electronically and can support pt safety initiatives using
I.T.
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C468 Info Mgt & Tech App Notes
■ They recognize the role of informatics in nursing.
○ Experienced nurse: A nurse who is able to pull trends out of data.
■ They support specialty areas (including quality improvement and other activities) via
Information Technologies.
■ They use evidence-based databases, promote technology applications, use information
systems, and work with I.T. staff to enact system improvements.
○ Informatics nurse: A nurse with advanced preparation in information management who
is capable of transforming data into information and information into knowledge that is disseminated at
appropriate times, for appropriate uses.
■ They are proficient with informatics applications to support all areas of nursing practice
and can provide a valuable communication link between healthcare and technology professionals.
■ They demonstrate critical thinking, data management, decision making, and computer
skills.
■ They identify/provide data for decision making.
○ Informatics nurse specialist (INS): A nurse who has educational preparation to conduct
informatics research and generate informatics theory by using their critical thinking skills, data
management skills, and computer skills to contribute to the overall body of nursing knowledge.
■ An INS plays a role in the design and testing of information systems, help shape policy,
and serve as an advocate for the design and use of informatics.
■ An INS focuses on nursing’s information needs and evaluates the performance and
impact of information management technologies on clinical practice, education, administration, and/or
research.
○ Informatics innovator: Someone who conducts informatics research and generates
informatics theory.
■ The innovator uses a holistic view, they work across setting and have a vision of what’s
possible and a keen sense of timing to make things happen.
■ They have a sophisticated level of skills and understanding in computer technology and
information management.
■ They are proficient with informatics applications to support all areas of nursing practice.
● Identify diverse nursing informatics roles:
○ Data gatherer: When nurses collect clinical data and document their findings.
○ Information user: When nurses evaluate and analyze the data.
○ Knowledge user: When nurses compare the data they have collected with the current
nursing knowledge base.
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