Unit 4 SCLY4 - Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods; Stratification and Differentiation with Theory and Methods
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Crime and Deviance: Gender, Crime and Justice Class Notes
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Unit 4 SCLY4 - Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods; Stratification and Differentiation with Theory and Methods
Institution
AQA
For anyone studying Crime and Deviance in Sociology at A or AS Level, this document provides a thorough companion to your classes and textbook. Lesson 7/8 focuses on Gender, Crime and Justice: views, reasons, case studies and evaluations, as well as all key terms and sociologists specified in a sin...
Unit 4 SCLY4 - Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods; Stratification and Differentiation with Theory and Methods
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Crime and Deviance: Lesson 7
Gender, Crime and Justice
Key Terms: Women and crime:
CJS- criminal justice system
OS- official statistics The most popular crime committed by women is shoplifting.
Sociologists: Men are more likely to be involved in the CJS at every stage,
Pollock- leniency in the CJS through arrest, prosecution, and sentencing.
Bowling
Farrington & Morris Females and males commit different types of crime.
Buckle
Female crimes such as shoplifting and property crime are much
Heidensohn
less likely to be reported than violent or sexual crimes committed
Carlen
by men.
Adler
Cain The Chivalry Thesis:
- Argues that most criminal justice agents are men and they are socialised to act in a certain way
towards women.
Otto Pollock (1950):
- Argues that men hate to accuse women and cause them to be punished.
- The CJS is much more lenient with women, and their crimes are less likely to end up as in official
statistics.
John Graham Ben Bowling (1995):
- Researched a sample of 1,721 14–21-year-olds.
- They found that males were more likely to offend, but the difference was smaller than found in OS
- On 30th June 2018, 95% of all prisoners were male and 5% were female.
Criticisms:
- David Farrington and Alison Morris (1983)- study of sentencing 408 thefts in a magistrate’s court,
women were not sentenced more leniently for comparable offences.
- Farrington and Abigale Buckle (1984)- observational study of shoplifting witnessed twice as many
males shoplifting than females (small-scale study).
Feminists:
Feminists argue that the CJS is in fact biased against women and not biased in favour of them.
Heidensohn (1996)- the courts treat females more harshly when they deviate from gender norms.
Women who do not conform to monogamous heterosexual and motherhood gender stereotypes are punished
more severely.
Pat Carlen (1997):
When women are jailed, it is less for the seriousness of their crime and more for the court’s assessment of
them as wives, mothers and daughters.
There are numerous cases of where male judges have made sexist victim blaming remarks.
Functionalist Sex Role Theory:
Carlen uses Hirschi’s control theory to explain female crime.
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