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ECONOMIC SECTORS
The primary sector: extracts natural resources.
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, mining and quarrying. Subsistence
farming is a primary activity even though money is not earned.
The secondary sector: processing primary raw materials to produce
manufactured goods.
Metal working, building, construction and the manufacturing of clothes,
cars and canned foods.
The tertiary sector: provides services.
Human services include health, education, tourism, recreation,
entertainment, local government, police and the military. Physical services
include banking, financial services, libraries, retailing, goods transport,
public transport and garbage removal.
The quaternary sector: intellectual activities. Research and information
technology.
Data processing and the dissemination of information. Some people class
consulting, environmental management and resource-conservation
STRUCTURE OF ECONOMY SECONDARY SECTOR
research as quaternary activities. Manufacturing is by far the largest category of employment in
& SECOND + TERITARY SECTORS the secondary sector and extremely important because…
Most employed sector
TERTIARY SECTOR
The work done by people in the tertiary sector facilitates the
work of the people in the primary and secondary sectors.
The tertiary sector shows the greatest growth because:
, KEYWORDS
HOW IS AGRI CULTURE IMPORTANT FOR ECONOMY
FACTORS FAVOURING AGRICULTURE Pastoral farming: raising of animals - cattle, sheep and goats
Job creation in agriculture - In 2012 more than 600 000 people had jobs in agriculture.
Range of climates supports production of variety of products Subsistence farming: farming to produce food for the family
Provide raw materials for industry - Wheat is the raw material for bread
Long growing season: Most crop-growing areas > 200 frost-free days. Communal farming: food production on land that is owned by the group living
Contributes toward economy - total contribution of agriculture to the economy was R50 there; often the land is controlled by the local chief
Flat land: Much of SA is flat or has low hills = extensive commercial crop farming billion in 2011.
Hydroponic/aquaponic farming: growing plants without soil, using a nutrient liquid
Rivers provide irrigation water to supplement rainfall in drier regions Further job creation - About 8,5 million people are directly or indirectly dependent on that is piped to the roots of the plants, usually in a greenhouse
Exotic crops have been added to the indigenous crops. Their value is in their higher yield agriculture for their employment. Truck drivers, supermarket cashiers
Ranching: the large-scale rearing of cattle on extensive farms
Climate research helps farmers to select the most suitable crops. As long-term weather Makes up nearly half of SA exports - Approximately 45% of our agricultural produce is
prediction improves, crop losses are reduced. exported, earning R45 billion for South Africa
Plant research in SA and foreign laboratories has devpd new strains of crops.
Land ownership: large farms are commercially operated. They are the source of most of
our country’s food.
Trade: exports of agricultural products like fruit / wine earn billions of rands every year. AGRICULTURE
FACTORS HINDERING AGRICULTURE
Only 7% of the land is arable. A further 55% of South Africa can be used for
raising beef cattle, sheep and goats. FOOD SECURITY
Insufficient rain and a shortage of water food security: a condition in which people have and can afford safe and nutritious food for
Rainfall is unreliable and droughts are a constant threat a healthy life
Soils are poor in most regions, with little humus (organic matter) even in the food insecurity: a condition in which people do not have enough nutritious food and may
upper layers. not know where their next meal will come from
The elimination of agricultural subsidies has forced some farms to stop operating Poor people are less able to buy enough food to feed themselves.
bc could not compete with imported food prices. Unemployment increases, food insecurity becomes a more serious problem.
Bad farming practices: Some of the better soils have been degraded and now
lack the required minerals and humus. BC. soils overworked by: monoculture, The link between unemployment and food insecurity also works in the other direction.
inadequate fallowing, growing the wrong crops, overuse of fuel wood, soil Food insecurity can cause unemployment and poverty.
compaction, overuse of fertiliser, intensive tillage, overgrazing, overpopulation
of rural areas, deliberate burning, soil acidification. This is because hunger and undernutrition can result in physical and mental weaknesses,
Soil erosion: During the twentieth century, SA lost 25% of its topsoil. The which reduce the chance of getting a job and earning money.
annual soil loss is over 300 million tons per hectare. Some households have turned to growing some of the food they need. This has helped
Land ownership: The small parcels of land used by many black SA farmers are many poor households in rural areas and in cities.
too small for efficient commercial production. Encourage more people who are entitled thereto, to claim their social security funds and
Trade: Reduced production of some products bc. they can be imported more use them to buy nutritious food.
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