Test Bank For Psychology, 6th Edition,
Daniel Schacter, Daniel Gilbert, Matthew
Nock.
,Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychological Science
1. Jaqueline believes that her spirituality is unrelated to the activity in her brain. This is a
philosophy known as:
a. idealism
b. structuralism
c. materialism
d. dualism
Correct Answer: d. dualism
Rationale: Dualism posits that the mind and body are separate entities, which aligns with
Jaqueline's belief that spirituality and brain activity are unrelated.
DIF: Easy
OBJ: Understand basic philosophical concepts in psychology
TOP: Philosophical foundations
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Remembering
2. Nature is to nurture as:
a. stimulus is to reaction
b. realism is to dualism
c. nativism is to empiricism
d. introspection is to functionalism
Correct Answer: c. nativism is to empiricism
Rationale: Nativism emphasizes innate qualities (nature), while empiricism emphasizes
experience (nurture).
DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Compare and contrast psychological theories
TOP: Nature vs. nurture debate
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Analyzing
3. Which topic is LEAST likely to be studied by cognitive psychologists?
a. attention
b. memory
c. decision making
d. conformity
Correct Answer: d. conformity
Rationale: Conformity is primarily studied by social psychologists, while cognitive psychologists
focus on mental processes like attention, memory, and decision-making.
DIF: Easy
OBJ: Identify areas of focus within cognitive psychology
TOP: Cognitive psychology topics
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Remembering
,4. Kayla doesn't know it yet, but she has just contracted a stomach virus from her roommate,
Beverly. Kayla puts on a new dress and goes on a first date with Jermaine, where they eat
oysters. Later that night, Kayla becomes violently ill. Kayla is MOST likely to associate the
sickness with:
a. the oysters
b. Beverly
c. Jermaine
d. her new dress
Correct Answer: a. the oysters
Rationale: In classical conditioning, individuals often associate illness with the last thing they
consumed, which is the oysters in this scenario.
DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Understand associations in learning and memory
TOP: Classical conditioning
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Applying
5. Solomon Asch's primacy effect describes why people:
a. draw inferences about others based on first impressions
b. continuously adjust their theories of others based on all of the information they have
c. ignore the first information they learn about others
d. do not form theories about other people
Correct Answer: a. draw inferences about others based on first impressions
Rationale: The primacy effect suggests that first impressions have a significant influence on how
individuals perceive others.
DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Explain Asch's contributions to social psychology
TOP: Social psychology concepts
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Understanding
6. Michael believes that our nonphysical minds are distinct from our brain and direct the actions of
our brain and body. His beliefs are MOST similar to those of which philosopher?
a. Descartes
b. Kant
c. Hobbes
d. Locke
Correct Answer: a. Descartes
Rationale: René Descartes is known for his dualism, which posits that the mind and body are
separate entities that interact with each other.
DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Recognize influential philosophers in psychology
TOP: Philosophical influences
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Remembering
, 7. Bayda studies how familial socioeconomic class dictates the professions available to children in
both America and Africa. Bayda is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.
a. social
b. clinical
c. cultural
d. Gestalt
Correct Answer: c. cultural
Rationale: Cultural psychologists explore how cultural and social contexts influence behaviors
and opportunities, such as occupations based on socioeconomic status.
DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Identify specializations within psychology
TOP: Cultural psychology
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Understanding
8. The research of which psychologist gave birth to the field of social psychology?
a. Jean Piaget
b. Kurt Lewin
c. Max Wertheimer
d. Solomon Asch
Correct Answer: b. Kurt Lewin
Rationale: Kurt Lewin's work on group dynamics and interactions is foundational to the
development of social psychology as a distinct field.
DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Trace the origins of social psychology
TOP: History of psychology
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Remembering
9. Jamir has advised his football-playing clients that they should develop pregame rituals to
increase their focus on the field. Jamir is MOST likely a(n):
a. sports psychologist
b. cognitive neuroscientist
c. school psychologist
d. industrial-organizational psychologist
Correct Answer: a. sports psychologist
Rationale: Sports psychologists work to enhance performance in athletics through mental
strategies, including the establishment of focus-enhancing rituals.
DIF: Easy
OBJ: Identify roles in psychology
TOP: Sports psychology
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Applying
10. The advent of _____ in 1945 had an enormous conceptual impact on the development of
cognitive psychology.
Daniel Schacter, Daniel Gilbert, Matthew
Nock.
,Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychological Science
1. Jaqueline believes that her spirituality is unrelated to the activity in her brain. This is a
philosophy known as:
a. idealism
b. structuralism
c. materialism
d. dualism
Correct Answer: d. dualism
Rationale: Dualism posits that the mind and body are separate entities, which aligns with
Jaqueline's belief that spirituality and brain activity are unrelated.
DIF: Easy
OBJ: Understand basic philosophical concepts in psychology
TOP: Philosophical foundations
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Remembering
2. Nature is to nurture as:
a. stimulus is to reaction
b. realism is to dualism
c. nativism is to empiricism
d. introspection is to functionalism
Correct Answer: c. nativism is to empiricism
Rationale: Nativism emphasizes innate qualities (nature), while empiricism emphasizes
experience (nurture).
DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Compare and contrast psychological theories
TOP: Nature vs. nurture debate
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Analyzing
3. Which topic is LEAST likely to be studied by cognitive psychologists?
a. attention
b. memory
c. decision making
d. conformity
Correct Answer: d. conformity
Rationale: Conformity is primarily studied by social psychologists, while cognitive psychologists
focus on mental processes like attention, memory, and decision-making.
DIF: Easy
OBJ: Identify areas of focus within cognitive psychology
TOP: Cognitive psychology topics
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Remembering
,4. Kayla doesn't know it yet, but she has just contracted a stomach virus from her roommate,
Beverly. Kayla puts on a new dress and goes on a first date with Jermaine, where they eat
oysters. Later that night, Kayla becomes violently ill. Kayla is MOST likely to associate the
sickness with:
a. the oysters
b. Beverly
c. Jermaine
d. her new dress
Correct Answer: a. the oysters
Rationale: In classical conditioning, individuals often associate illness with the last thing they
consumed, which is the oysters in this scenario.
DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Understand associations in learning and memory
TOP: Classical conditioning
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Applying
5. Solomon Asch's primacy effect describes why people:
a. draw inferences about others based on first impressions
b. continuously adjust their theories of others based on all of the information they have
c. ignore the first information they learn about others
d. do not form theories about other people
Correct Answer: a. draw inferences about others based on first impressions
Rationale: The primacy effect suggests that first impressions have a significant influence on how
individuals perceive others.
DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Explain Asch's contributions to social psychology
TOP: Social psychology concepts
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Understanding
6. Michael believes that our nonphysical minds are distinct from our brain and direct the actions of
our brain and body. His beliefs are MOST similar to those of which philosopher?
a. Descartes
b. Kant
c. Hobbes
d. Locke
Correct Answer: a. Descartes
Rationale: René Descartes is known for his dualism, which posits that the mind and body are
separate entities that interact with each other.
DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Recognize influential philosophers in psychology
TOP: Philosophical influences
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Remembering
, 7. Bayda studies how familial socioeconomic class dictates the professions available to children in
both America and Africa. Bayda is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.
a. social
b. clinical
c. cultural
d. Gestalt
Correct Answer: c. cultural
Rationale: Cultural psychologists explore how cultural and social contexts influence behaviors
and opportunities, such as occupations based on socioeconomic status.
DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Identify specializations within psychology
TOP: Cultural psychology
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Understanding
8. The research of which psychologist gave birth to the field of social psychology?
a. Jean Piaget
b. Kurt Lewin
c. Max Wertheimer
d. Solomon Asch
Correct Answer: b. Kurt Lewin
Rationale: Kurt Lewin's work on group dynamics and interactions is foundational to the
development of social psychology as a distinct field.
DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Trace the origins of social psychology
TOP: History of psychology
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Remembering
9. Jamir has advised his football-playing clients that they should develop pregame rituals to
increase their focus on the field. Jamir is MOST likely a(n):
a. sports psychologist
b. cognitive neuroscientist
c. school psychologist
d. industrial-organizational psychologist
Correct Answer: a. sports psychologist
Rationale: Sports psychologists work to enhance performance in athletics through mental
strategies, including the establishment of focus-enhancing rituals.
DIF: Easy
OBJ: Identify roles in psychology
TOP: Sports psychology
REF: Chapter 1
MSC: Applying
10. The advent of _____ in 1945 had an enormous conceptual impact on the development of
cognitive psychology.
