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Med Surg Exam 3 Respiratory, Cardiac|300 Complete Questions and Answers
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Med Surg Exam 3 Respiratory, Cardiac|300 Complete Questions and Answers
Which is passive, inspiration or expiration? - -Expiration
-What is ventilation? - -air is drawn through the conducting airways into the
alveoli
-What is perfusion as it relates to the respiratory system? - -Capillary blood
flows around the alveoli
-What is diffusion as it relates to the respiratory system? - -exchange of O2
for CO2 in the bloodstream
-What must be matching for gas exchange to occur? - -Ventilation and
perfusion
-What would be examples of ventilation perfusion mismatch in which
ventilation is the problem? - -Dead space anatomically, dead space due to
blockage of air flow
-What would be examples of ventilation perfusion mismatch in which
perfusion is the problem? - -Pulmonary edema, atelectasis, pneumonia
-How is oxygen transported? - -Via hemoglobin on RBCs
-What is normal blood pH? - -7.35-7.45
-What is normal blood PaO2? - -80-100mmHg
-What is normal PaCO2? - -35-45mmHg
-What is a normal bicarbonate (HCO3) level? - -22-26mEq/L
-What do the chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries and aorta detect and
do? - -Detect changes in H+ concentration and CO2, adjust rate and volume
of respirations to maintain equillibrium
-What does increased CO2 and lower pH in a healthy person stimulate? - -
Increased breathing rate
-What are natural defenses within the respiratory system? - -air filtration,
mucociliary clearance, cough, reflex bronchospasm, alveolar macrophages
,-What are Kussmaul respirations? - -Rapid, deep air hunger breathing
-What is tachypnea? - -Rapid (rate >24per minute), shallow breathing
-What is Biot's Ataxic breathing? - -Irregular breathing with variations in
rate, rhythm, and depth
-What are Cheyne-Stokes Respirations? - -Regular pattern of breaths that
wax and wane and then are followed by a period of apnea
-What is bradypnea? - -Fewer than 10 breaths per minute
-What is hyperventilation? - -Abnormally prolonged, deep breathing
-What is hypoventilation? - -Irregular shallow breathing
-What are local manifestations of respiratory dysfunction? - -Cough,
excessive nasal secretions, expectoration of sputum, pain in the muscles of
the chest wall or pleura, dyspnea
-What are systemic manifestations of respiratory dysfunction? - -Hypoxemia
(blood), hypoxia (tissue), restlessness, agitation, confusion, tachycardia,
dysrhythmias, decreased urine output, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, pallor,
cyanosis
-What are causes of hypoxemia and hypoxia? - -ventilation/perfusion
mismatching, high altitude, inadequate O2 in air, anemia or abnormal
hemoglobin, circulatory impairment, inability of cells to use O2
-What are causes for hypercapnia? - -respiratory depression, pneumonia,
pulmonary edema, obstructive pulmonary disease
-What are signs and symptoms of hypercapnia? - -acidosis, increased pulse,
increased blood pressure, dizziness, headache, mental clouding
-What are some intranasal nonglucocorticoid decongestants? - -
Oxymetazoline hydrochloride (Afrin)
Phenylephrine hydrochloride (Neo-Syneprhine)
Pseudoephedirne hydrochloride (Sudafed)
-What are some intranasal glucocorticoid decongestants? - -
Beclomethasone (Beconase)
Fluticasone (Flonase)
Mometasone (Nasonex)
-What are some antihistamines? - -Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
, Desloratidine (Clarinex)
Diphenhydramine (Benedryl)
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Loratadine (Claritin)
-What are two opiod antitussives? - -Codeine, hydrocodone
-What is a nonopiod antitussive? - -Dextromethorphan
-What are examples of expectorants? - -Guaifenisin (Humibid, Robitussin)
Dornase alfa (pulmozyme)
-What drug is a mucolytic? - -Acetylcysteine (mucomyst)
-What are some inhaled sympathomimetic bronchodilators? - -Albuterol
(Proventil)
Bitolterol
Pirbuterol (Maxair)
Salmeterol (Serevent)
-What are some oral sympathomimetic bronchodilators? - -Albuterol,
Terbutaline (Brethine)
-What are some inhaled glucocorticoids? - -Beclomethasone (Qvar)
Fluticasone (Flovent)
Triamcinolone (Asmacort)
-What are some oral glucortocoids used for respiratory disorders? - -
Prednisone, Prednisolone
-What is a pneumonectomy? - -Removal of the entire lung
-What is a radical pneumonectomy? - -Removal of lung and nodes
-What is a lobectomy? - -Removal of one lung lobe
-What is a wedge resection? - -Removal of part of the lung
-What are special respiratory considerations for the elderly? - -Respiratory
system less efficient, less reverse capacity, less tolerance for exercise and
stress, weaker cough reflex, kyphosis, decreased ability of lungs to recoil,
decreased compliance, decreased number of alveoli, respiratory control is
less sensitive
-What is respiratory failure? - -Inability of respiratory system to supply body
with O2 and rid it of CO2
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