A complete GCSE biology spreadsheet/google sheets that cover the complete AQA GCSE 9-1 specification inspired by Ali Abdaal's Google sheets revision method.
It was used to obtain a very high grade 9 and was created using the official specification.
These are a series of flashcards I made using the Google Sheets method popularised by Ali Abdaal
To 'enable' the flashcard mode, simply select the answer column (column B) typically and change the text colour to w
Then you have a series of questions in column A and their corresponding answers in the next cell in B
Each card has been made with the specification in mind and I would argue is the most concise database of knowledg
Please note that each sheet corresponds to a specification chapter/topic
,ange the text colour to white
e database of knowledge that is required
,Give examples of eukaryotic cells? - plant - animal cells
What do all eukaryotic cells have? Plant and animal cells (eukaryotic cells) h
Give examples of a prokaryotic cell? Bacterial
- The genetic cellsmaterial is not enclosed in a
Compare prokaryotic cells to eukaroytic cells - It is a single DNA loop and there may be
What is range of size between bacterial cells? -- bacterial
an organelle cellsthat
arecontains
normallygenetic
1 micromete
mater
What is the nucleus? -- that controls the activities of the
it contains enzymes that control these ch cell
What is the cytoplasm? What does it contain? What does it hold? -- it it holds the ribosomes
has internal extensions that have enzy
What is the cell membrane? What does it have? -- respiration occurs
these are where most in these
of theenzymes
reactions fo
What is the mitochondria? - respiration transfers energy that the cell
What are ribosomes? •- where protein synthesis takes place
mitochondria
What do most animal cells have? •• aribosomes.
permanent vacuole filled with cell sap.
What do most plant cells have • cell wall
Plant and algal cells also have a cell wall made of ______________, which
cellulose,
There arestrengthens
a lot of mitochondria in the hea
________ the cell.
What are sperm cells specialised for? How are they adapted for this? It
These cells areenzymes
also carries long (to in its head
cover moretodistan
diges
What are nerve cells specialised for? How are they adapted for this? The
The electric
functionsignal is insulated
of a muscle cell is by a myelin
to contract
What are muscle cells specialised for? How are they adapted for this? These
They are cells are long (so
specialised forthat they have
absorbing spa
water
What are root hair cells specialised for? How are they adapted for this? The
Theyhair formshape
tubesgives
and the plantthese
to form a bigtubes
surfact
What are xylem and phloem cells specialised for? How are they adapted
Xylem cells are hollow in the centre and p
for this?
What is cell differentiation? As a cell differentiates
Without this ability ouritbodies
acquires differend
wouldn't
Why is cell differentiation important? What is it? In mature animals, cell division is mainly
As an organism develops, cells _________ to form ____ types of cells. differentiate, different
Most types of animal cell differentiate at an _______ stage. early
Many types of plant cells _______ the ability to differentiate _________ its ____ retain,
This means throughout, lifebe used to study ce
that it can
How has an electron microscope increased understanding of sub-cellular
Thisability
the has enabled biologists
to distinguish to see and
between two und
poi
structures?
What is resolution? What gives a sharper image? in terms of microscopy so a higher resolution gives a sharper ima
How is magnification calculated? size of image / size of real object
Explain how bacteria multiply? What is this process called? What must
Bacteria multiply by binary fission as ofte
the bacteria have enough of? How often?
How can bacteria be grown? Bacteria can be grown in a nutrient broth
What are uncontaminated cultures of microorganisms required for? •Uncontaminated
the lid of the Petri cultures of microorganis
dish should be secure
How should you prepare an uncontaminated culture using aseptic
•Each
in school
chromosome carries a largeshould
laboratories, cultures number g
technique?
What are chromosomes? What does each chromosome carry? Where are
In body cells the chromosomes are norma
they found? How are they found?
Cells divide in a series of _______ called the ______ stages,
4. Finallycellthe
cycle
cytoplasm and cell membran
Explain the process
Cell division of cell
by mitosis division? (5)
is important in the ______ and _______ of 5. The genetic material is doubled and the
multicellular organisms. growth
A stem cellandisdevelopment, repair damaged
an undifferentiated cell of an
So thatiswe
What can potentially
a stem cell? _____ ________ tissue and from which certain other cells can ari
What can stem cells from human embryos do? Stem cells from human embryos can be c
What can stem cells from adult bone marrow do? Stem cells from adult bone marrow can fo
What can stem cells from meristems in plants do? Meristem tissue in plants can differentiat
What can treatment with stem cells help conditions of? - diabetes
In therapeuticand paralysis
cloning, an embryo is prod
What happens in therapeutic cloning? Stem cells from the embryo are not reject
What are the potential risks of the use of stem cells? The use of stem cells has potential risks s
, • Rare species can be cloned to protect fro
What are the uses of stem cells from meristems in plants? • Crop plants with special features such as
Substances may move into and out of cells across the cell ____________ via
membrane, diffusion
__________
What is diffusion? Diffusion
oxygen and is carbon
the spreading
dioxideout of the
in gas parti
exchang
Give examples of substances that move in diffusion in the human body of thetemperature
• the waste product urea from cells into t
Which factors affect
A prokaryotic the rate
organism has aofrelatively
diffusion?____________ to __________. This • the surface area of the membrane.
allows sufficient _________ of molecules ____ and ___ of the cell to meet the large surface
The villi are alsoarea, volume
made of a ratio,
singletranspor
layer of
_______
How isof the
the organism.
small intestine adapted for gas exchange Beneath the villi is an extensive blood cap
Each alveolus is surrounded by blood cap
How are the lungs adapted for gas exchange Each alveolus is principle
Countercurrent ventilated, removing
takes was
place whe
How are the gills adapted for gas exchange Thistube-like
The maintainsprotrusion
a large concentration
(root) can penetgrad
How are the roots adapted for active transport The root -hair
Stomata Cancellopen contains
to allowlots of mitocho
diffusion of c
How are the leaves adapted for gas exchange Guard cells around
In multicellular stomata surfaces
organisms, - Allows the
andso
What are organisms, surfaces and organ systems specialised for? What
does this allow? •This
(in is to allowhaving
animals) sufficient molecules
an efficient to be
blood su
How is the effectiveness of an exchange surface increased? •Water
(in animals, for gaseous exchange)
may move across cell membranes being
What is osmosis? Osmosis is the diffusion
Active transport of water from
moves substances froma da
What is active transport? This requires
It also energymolecules
allows sugar from respiration.
to be absor
What does active transport allow? Where does it take place (2 places)?
Sugar molecules are used for cell respirat
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