ETS Praxis Practice Questions & Answers 2023/2024
*Which of the following should be the primary focus of early language intervention for at-risk infants?*
A. Establishing object permanence through play activities.
B. Training primary caregivers to facilitate language learning.
C. Creating r...
ETS Praxis Practice Questions &
Answers 2023/2024
*Which of the following should be the primary focus of early language intervention for at-risk infants?*
A. Establishing object permanence through play activities.
B. Training primary caregivers to facilitate language learning.
C. Creating readiness activities in context of play.
D. Enhancing social communication through play activities. - ANSWER-*B. Training primary caregivers to
facilitate language learning.*
(Early language stimulation in at-risk infants is best provided by primary caregivers who have been
trained in practices that promote learning.)
*Primary motor innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by which cranial nerve?*
A. V
B. VII
C. IX
D. X - ANSWER-*D. X*
(Primary innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by the vagus nerve.)
*Fela is a 3rd grade student in public school. She is a speaker of AAVE who has difficulty with the SAE
dialect used in her class. Her teacher believes that her language skills are affecting her academic
performance and has referred her to the school's SLP. Which of the following is an appropriate rationale
for providing language intervention for her?* (Select all that apply.)
A. It will likely foster better communication with Fela's linguistically and culturally diverse peers.
B. It will likely improve Fela's code-switching ability with her teacher and other adult speakers of SAE.
C. It may expand Fela's later academic and vocational opportunities.
D. It will likely lead Fela to adopt SAE as her primary dialect. - ANSWER-*A, B, C*
*Federal laws regarding freedom of access to information stipulate that client records kept or written by
health care professionals can be...*
,A. reviewed only by other health-care professionals.
B. reviewed only by the clients themselves unless the client provides written permission to share with
others.
C. reviewed by anyone who submits a formal written request.
D. released only by subpoena. - ANSWER-*B. reviewed only by the clients themselves unless the client
provides written permission to share with others.*
*To justify providing individual treatment for a 2.5 year old with apraxia of speech, which of the
following would be LEAST important for the SLP to include in the evaluation report?*
A. A description of the child's typical interaction with peers.
B. Relevant prognostic data.
C. Information about apraxia of speech.
D. A description of the language development of the child's older siblings. - ANSWER-*D. A description of
the language development of the child's older siblings.*
(This would not provide the objective, documented evidence required to justify provision of treatment
for a child of an age at which some intelligibility would be typical.)
*The speech reception threshold (SRT) is a basic component of an evaluation of hearing function. Which
of the following statements about the SRT is most accurate?*
A. It is measured in decibels and corresponds to the intensity level at which spondaic words can be
recognized approximately 50% of the time.
B. It makes use of test materials that are limited to monosyllabic words.
C. It provides information on how well speech is understood at conversational levels.
D. It is useful in validating acoustic intermittence measures. - ANSWER-*A. It is measured in decibels and
corresponds to the intensity level at which spondaic words can be recognized approximately 50% of the
time.*
*A clinician who employs active listening is doing which of the following?*
A. Responding to both the content and the affect of the client's remarks.
B. Listening very carefully and taking extensive notes.
C. Conducting a clinician-directed interview.
,D. Directing the client to specific answers to questions. - ANSWER-*A. Responding to both the content
and the affect of the client's remarks.*
*A 55-year-old woman, recently hospitalized for probable CVA is referred for evaluation of stuttering
speech. The initial conversation with the client indicates that speech is characterized by frequent initial-
phoneme repetitions and prolongations as well as associated mildly effortful eye blinking. Which of the
following pieces of information is crucial to accurate speech diagnosis and decisions regarding
management of the speech problem?*
A. The site and extent of the lesion associated with the suspected CVA.
B. Whether the client has any associated dysphagia or dysphonia.
C. Whether the dysfluencies began before or after the suspected CVA.
D. Whether the client feels frustrated by the dysfluencies. - ANSWER-*C. Whether the dysfluencies
began before or after the suspected CVA.*
This investigation was motivated by observations that when persons with dysarthria increase loudness,
their speech improves. Some studies have indicated that this improvement may be related to an increase
of prosodic variation. Studies have reported an increase of fundamental frequency (F0) variation with
increased loudness, but there has been no examination of the relation of loudness manipulation to
specific prosodic variables that are known to aid a listener in parsing out meaningful information. This
study examined the relation of vocal loudness production to selected acoustic variables known to inform
listeners of phrase and sentence boundaries: specifically, F0 declination and final-word lengthening. Ten
young, healthy women were audio-recorded while they read aloud a paragraph at what each considered
normal loudness, twice-normal loudness, and half-normal loudness. Results showed that there was a
statistically significant increase of F0 declination, brought about by a higher resetting of F0 at the
beginning of a sentence and an increase of final-word lengthening from the half-normal loudness
condition to the twice-normal loudness condition. These results suggest that when some persons with
dysarthria increase loudness, variables related to prosody may change, which in turn contributes to
improvement in communicative effectiveness. However, until this procedure is tested with individuals
who have dysarthria, it is uncertain whether a similar effect would be observed.
*What Which of the following represent(s) the independent variable or variables used in the Watson and
Hughes study?*
A. Prosody of dysarthric speech
B. F0 declination and final-word lengthening
C. Vocal loudness
D. Speech intelligibility and communicative effectiveness - ANSWER-*C. vocal loudness*
, The researchers manipulated vocal loudness to determine its effect on prosodic F0 and durational
variables.
This investigation was motivated by observations that when persons with dysarthria increase loudness,
their speech improves. Some studies have indicated that this improvement may be related to an increase
of prosodic variation. Studies have reported an increase of fundamental frequency (F0) variation with
increased loudness, but there has been no examination of the relation of loudness manipulation to
specific prosodic variables that are known to aid a listener in parsing out meaningful information. This
study examined the relation of vocal loudness production to selected acoustic variables known to inform
listeners of phrase and sentence boundaries: specifically, F0 declination and final-word lengthening. Ten
young, healthy women were audio-recorded while they read aloud a paragraph at what each considered
normal loudness, twice-normal loudness, and half-normal loudness. Results showed that there was a
statistically significant increase of F0 declination, brought about by a higher resetting of F0 at the
beginning of a sentence and an increase of final-word lengthening from the half-normal loudness
condition to the twice-normal loudness condition. These results suggest that when some persons with
dysarthria increase loudness, variables related to prosody may change, which in turn contributes to
improvement in communicative effectiveness. However, until this procedure is tested with individuals
who have dysarthria, it is uncertain whether a similar effect would be observed.
*Watson and Hughes are cautious when suggesting that the speech of some persons with dysarthria
improves because of the prosodic changes that result from increasing vocal loudness. Of the following,
which is the most likely reason for this caution?*
A. Only women were studied.
B. The prosody of persons with dysarthria may not show similar loudness effects.
C. Several acoustic variables related to speech prosody were not included.
D. Reciting a paragraph aloud is unlike spontaneous speech. - ANSWER-*B. The prosody of persons with
dysarthria may not show similar loudness effects.*
At the end of the abstract, the researcher Hughes suggest a relationship between increased vocal
loudness and "improvement in communicative effectiveness" in some persons with dysarthria. This
relationship is not directly supported by their study, as individuals with dysarthria were not tested.
This investigation was motivated by observations that when persons with dysarthria increase loudness,
their speech improves. Some studies have indicated that this improvement may be related to an increase
of prosodic variation. Studies have reported an increase of fundamental frequency (F0) variation with
increased loudness, but there has been no examination of the relation of loudness manipulation to
specific prosodic variables that are known to aid a listener in parsing out meaningful information. This
study examined the relation of vocal loudness production to selected acoustic variables known to inform
listeners of phrase and sentence boundaries: specifically, F0 declination and final-word lengthening. Ten
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