PRAXIS EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION 5025 LANGUAGE & LITERACY|UPDATED&VERIFIED|100% SOLVED|GUARANTEED SUCCESS

Oral Language acquisition Pre-linguistic birth-10 months: discriminate speech from other sounds Discover phonemes: /ma/ /ba/ etc. 1 month: start crying or producing sounds to convey information (hungry, hurt etc) Cooing in response to pleasure 6 months: babbling phase 9-10 Months: intonation patterns and rephrase babble that sounds like words. Holophrastic period 12-18 months: Single word phrase. Single words convey meaning. Name person, objects, places Vocabulary ~30 words Says "no" meaningfully Understand what's being said Telegraphic period 2-3 years Two word phrases Recites familiar rhymes 30 months: acquiring rules of syntax Complex period 3-5 Years: Acquisition slows vocabulary grows Morphology "foots" Mans" overgeneralization of rules Syntax and complex questions Semantics Written Language acquisition Pre Phonemic 0-6: No link between phonemes and graphemes Random scribbling Controlled Scribbling Circular Scribbling Drawing to convey messages Mock Letters Letter strings directional and down the page, no correlation to words Separated words spaces present Learning to spell: 6 years: Graphemes = phonemes Basic motor skills and basic spelling Consolidation 7-8 Years: Writing = spoken language casual, colloquial, lots of clauses Differentiation 9-10 Years: Writing different than speech Writing for different audiences Integration mid teens: Personal voice present Appropriate linguistic choices made Spelling Stages Prephonemic - scribbling and mock letters Semiphonetic: link letters and sounds to write Phonetic - phonemes represented by graphemes Phonics spelling stages Logographic: words learned as whole units. Embedded in a logo Alphabetic: Use individual letters and sounds to identify Orthographic: patterns in words to identify words w/o sounding them out Environmental Print Print in every day life logos and symbols Print Concepts Difference between letters, words, puncutation, directionality. Phonological awareness importance Predictor of reading ability Alliteration Matching beginning sounds of words Rhyme Matching end sounds of words Sentence Segmentation Sentences broken into individual words Syllables Small sounds in words Onset and Rime Initial consonant + vowel and after Phonemes Smallest unit of sound Blending Putting a word back together Segmenting Pulling a word apart Deletion Deleting a sound or part of a word CVC consonant vowel consonant, cat hot tip man hut CCVC Consonant consonant vowel consonant: hunt, fast, cart, milk, want Irregularly spelled words Words that are not spelled as they sound Homonyms Words which sound alike or are spelled alike but have a different meaning Homophones A word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning Sight Word Words recognized within three seconds: read without decoding High Frequency Word Commonly found words in the language. Decodable Words Words able to sound out - segmenting the sounds in the word Root Words Basis of a word, but does not form a word on it's own Affixes Morphene attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form -ing -ed -un -like Fluency Speak, write, read, fluidly and rapidly Rate Reading speed Prosody Patterns of stress and intonation in language EnglishLanguage learner specific strategies Use pictures, understanding of letters Moral Lesson learned from the story Theme Subject of a text Central idea What it's about / trying to convey Key Details Important facts and details Inferences A conclusion reached on the basis of textual evidence Sequencing Order of events in a story Exposition Comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory. Introduction of a story. Rising action A series of events building towards the point of greatest interest Climax Turning point that changes the fate Resolution The conflict unravels Dramatic Structure Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Resolution Effect of point of view on a literary text How the story is one sided; what is left out of the story; alternate view points of history First Person POV "I" "we" Second person POV Employs the pronoun "you" Third Person POV Uses pronouns "he" "she" "it" Grade Level Equivalent Leveling System Readability of the text by grade. Guided reading level Leveling System Alphabetic system - levels within grades. Wide range of abilities. Lexile Framework Leveling System Numerical filter assesses books difficulty. Prose only. Includes assessments. Developmental Reading Assessment Leveling System Measures accuracy fluency and comprehension: below, near, at, above grade level Interest Level Leveling System Students in these grades are most likely to be engaged by Grade Level Leveling System Basal readers Reading Recovery Levelins System Remediation program Developmental Stages of writing Scribble Drawing Controlled Linear Mock Letters Letter Strings Semi Phonetic Phonetic Conventional Strategies to support development of emergent writing Copying print How print conveys a message Modeling Transcribing Informative Writing Non fiction. Writing that conveys information Explanatory Conveys information to increase understanding of a process or procedure Narrative Tells a story so the audience learns a lesson or gains insight. Stages of the writing process Prewriting Drafting Revising Editing Publishing Evaluating Peer Review