IB Sports Science Topic 5 Exam Questions With Answers Define Skill - Answer The consistent production of goal-orientated movements, w hich are learned and specific to a task Describe different types of skill - Answer Cognitive skill: The ability to solve problems by thinking Perceptual skill: The process in which you sense things and interpret them e.g knowing when and where to pass a ball Motor skill: The physical execution of a skill (the voluntary muscle movement) Perceptual Motor skill: Skills we use in everyday lives Outline Gross and Fine motor skills - Answer Gross: Large movements that require large muscle groups. Associated with strength, power and endurance. e.g. walking and running Fine: Small movements that requires small muscle groups. Associated with accuracy, speed and efficiency. e.g. hand movement in a cricket bowl Outline Open and Closed motor skills - Answer Open: Performance is affected by an unstable and changing environment. Perceptual motor skills are needed where rapid adjustments need to be made to the environment. e.g. tackling in rugby Closed: Has a stable and fixed environment and internally paced (the player controls the rate of the activity). e.g. weightlifting Outline Discrete, Serial and Continuous motor skills - Answer Discrete: A movement that has a well defined beginning and end. Usually brief. If the skill is repeated you have to start at the beginning. e.g. vaulting Serial: Involves a number of discrete skills put together to make a sequence. It has a distinct order of the skills. e.g. long jump and dance Continuous: Not a clear beginning and end. It goes on for an unspecified amount of time. The end of one movement is the start of another. e.g. swimming and running Outline External paced and Internal paced motor skills - Answer External paced: When actions are determined by external sources. The performer is reacting and it tends to be more open (unstable and changing environment). e.g. receiving a tennis serve Internal paced: When the performer controls the rate of the activity. Tends to be more closed (stable and fixed environment). e.g. shot put Outline Individual, Co-active and Interactive motor skills - Answer Individual: The competitor performs alone without physical presence of the opposition. e.g. high jump Co-active: When the competitors are performing at the same time but they are physically separated and in which one competitor cannot affect the performance of another. e.g. swimming Interactive: When performance is controlled by the opposition. Your performanc e is dependant of the oppositions performance. Usually compete in the same space. e.g. rugby Define Ability - Answer Ability is a stable, enduring characteristic, that is genetically determined. May be perceptual, motor or both. Example of ability: co-ordination, balance, reaction and speed Distinguish between Fleishman's physical proficiency abilities (physical factors) and perceptual motor abilities (psychomotor factors) - Answer Physical proficiency abilities: Flexibility, static, dynamic and explosive strength, trunk strength, gross body coordination, gross body equilibrium and stamina Perceptual motor abilities: control precision, multi-limb coordination, reaction time, manual dexterity, arm-hand steadiness, wrist-finger speed, aiming, postural discrimination Define Technique - Answer In general terms it is the 'way of doing'. In terms of th e performance of a specific skill, it is 'the way in which that skill is performed' State the relationship between skill, ability and technique - Answer Skill = ability + a selection of an appropriate technique Differences between a skilled and a novice player - Answer Every Cat Can Fly Away Efficiency, Control, Consistency, Fluency, Accuracy Describe a simple model of information processing - Answer Information processing is the system by which we take information from out surrounding environment, use it t o make a decision and then produce a response Input-desicion making-output
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