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NYSTCE CST MULTISUBJECT PART 1 (241) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (2023/2024) (VERIFIED ANSWERS
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NYSTCE CST MULTISUBJECT PART 1 (241) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (2023/2024) (VERIFIED ANSWERS
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ESTUDY NYSTCE CST MULTISUBJECT PART 1 (241) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (2023/2024) (VERIFIED ANSWERS Phonics - ANSWER A method of teaching students to read by correlating sounds with letters or groups of letters in an a lphabetic writing system. Children are taught, for example, that the letter n represents the sound /n/, and that it is the first letter in words such as nose, nice and new. Phonological Processing - ANSWER The use of phonemes to process spoken and wr itten language. The broad category of phonological processing includes phonological awareness, phonological working memory, and phonological retrieval. Phonological Awareness - ANSWER Awareness of the sound structure of a language and the ability to consciously analyze and manipulate this structure via a range of tasks, such as speech sound segmentation and blending at the word, onset -rime, syllable, and phonemic levels. Development of Phonological Awareness - ANSWER 1. Word awareness 2. Responsiveness to rhyme and alliteration during word play 3. Syllable awareness 4. Onset and rime manipulation 5. Phoneme awareness ESTUDY 1. Word awareness - ANSWER Tracking the words in sentences. Knowledge that words hav e meaning. (less important to teach directly) Strategy: read -aloud, alphabet chants, high -frequency word books 2. Responsiveness to rhyme and alliteration during word play - ANSWER Enjoying and reciting learned rhyming words or alliterative phrases in familiar storybooks or nursery rhymes. Strategy: poetry books, alphabet chants, picture flashcards w/ objects whose names rhyme. (Flashcards can be used in sorting and classifying activities.) 3. Syllable awareness - ANSWER Counting, tapping, b lending, or segmenting a word into syllables. Strategy: Flashcards w/ objects whose names contain different numbers of syllables. (Flashcards can be used in sorting activity.) 4. Onset and rime manipulation ESTUDY - ANSWER Onset is the initial consonant in a one -syllable word. Rime includes the remaining sounds, including the vowel and any sounds that follow. The ability to produce a rhyming word depends on understanding that rhyming words have the same rime. Re cognizing a rhyme is much easier than producing a rhyme. Strategy: Blending and substitution activities. 5. Phonemic awareness - ANSWER This is the student's awareness of the smallest units of sound in a word. It also refers to a student's ability t o segment, blend, and manipulate these units. - Identify and match the initial sounds in words, then the final and middle sounds (e.g., "Which picture begins with /m/?"; "Find another picture that ends in /r/"). - Segment and produce the initial sound, t hen the final and middle sounds (e.g., "What sound does zoo start with?"; "Say the last sound in milk"; "Say the vowel sound in rope"). - Blend sounds into words (e.g., "Listen: /f/ /ē/ /t/. Say it fast"). - Segment the phonemes in two - or three -sound wo rds, moving to four - and five - sound words as the student becomes proficient (e.g., "The word is eyes. Stretch and say the sounds: /ī/ /z/"). - Manipulate phonemes by removing, adding, or substituting sounds (e.g., "Say smoke without the /m/"). ESTUDY Strategy: listening to alliterative passages, blending and segmenting words, and manipulating sounds in words through substitution, deletion, and addition of phonemics. Elkonin boxes are provided for tactile blending and segmenting activities. Phonological Working Memory - ANSWER Involves storing phoneme information in a temporary, short -term memory store. This phonemic information is then readily available for manipulation during phonological awareness tasks. Phonological Retrieval - ANSWER Phonological retrieval is the ability to recall the phonemes associated with specific graphemes, which can be assessed by rapid naming tasks. Phoneme Manipulation Task (Strategy) - ANSWER Tasks that tap into phonological processing, such as phoneme manipulation tasks (say "cat" without the kuh), have proven to be some of the strongest correlates and predictors of learning to read. Orthographic Processing - ANSWER Defined as "the ability to form, store, and access orthographic repres entations." Orthography is the methodology of writing a language, which primarily consists of spelling, but includes, contractions, punctuation and capitalization. Semantic Processing - ANSWER Encode the meaning of a word and relate it to similar wor ds with similar meaning.The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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