Clean and clear revised lecture notes for programming in C++ using a microcontroller. Includes many syntax examples. Perfect for those who are new to coding or C++. Useful for engineering projects that may require basic coding knowledge. Sections include: Introduction to Key Terms, Loops, Classes a...
Introduction:
Expressions - anything that has a value
A literal - an expression whose value is known before the program runs. 8 is a literal, it has value 8. X
would not be a literal as its value has not been declared
Float - can represent decimal values
A variable - a labelled storage box for a value. Every variable has a type (what type of data it stores)
4 types of main data.
Integral types - holds integers, available in signed or unsigned. Signed can hold negative
numbers.
o Char - 8bits
o Short - 16 bits
o Int - 16 or 32 bits (32 on mbed)
o Long - 32 or 64 bits (32 on mbed)
o Long long - 64 bits
Floating points - can hold decimal values
Compound types
Assignment - changing the value of a variable
Conditional Execution:
Changes the programs behaviour depending on user input, sensor readings, time of day…
For example
If (x > 4) {
// do something
}
Curly brackets enclose multiple
statements
Conditions in C++:
0 can mean false
Any other value can mean true
If (!x) = will be true if x == 0
Loops:
Loops allow branching backwards in your code.
Count controlled loops - executes a certain number of times
Condition controlled loops - executes while a condition is true
Entry controller loops
, Exit controlled loops
Count controlled loop: (for loop)
Used to print numbers 1-10
Or flash an led 5 times
Condition controlled loop: (while loop)
Running a motor until a switch is pressed
Reading a sensor until its value changes
Flashing an led while a button is held down
Do while loop:
Execute loop body
Evaluate condition
If true loop again
Do {
// compute result
} while (result != required);
This is the only exit controlled loop, less commonly used
Choosing the right loop:
Counting or iterating over a known number of things - for loop
Waiting for a button press or reading data until there is no more data - while loop
Infinite loops:
While (true) {
// loops infinitely
}
Or
While (true);
Code underneath these loops will never run as the loop will never end.
Super loop:
Begins with setup statements then a while loop which loops forever.
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