Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501 Walden University
1. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy.
Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?:
Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
2. What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initi-
ates an action potential?: Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium
rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to
positive.
3. A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His
karyotype would reveal which of the following?: Answer: XXY
4. A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband,
what is the nurse looking for?: Answer: The person who is first diagnosed
with a genetic disease
5. An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will
show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the
nurse explain to the aide?: Answer: Expressivity
6. In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse
include regarding cholesterol?: Answer: Cholesterol decreases the
membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry
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, oxygen.
7. When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the
nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an gene: Answer:
Autosomal recessive
8. How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma
membranes?: -
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
9. The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant
extracellular cation as:: Answer: Sodium
10.The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum
results in:: Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
11.What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish
aging from diseases?: Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference
because both processes are believed to result from cell injury.
12.What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that
re- veals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X
chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced
nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.:
Answer: Turner syndrome
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