Fundamentals of Nursing- EXAM 1 Chapters 1-11 Questions Answered 100% correct

Fundamentals of Nursing- EXAM 1 Chapters 1-11 Questions Answered 100% correct As a _____________ , you help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level function and independence through the healing process. caregiver As a _____________ you protect your patient's human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. patient advocate As a(n) ____________, you explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient's progress in learning. educator The _____________ is the philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principles you will use to provide care to your patients. code of ethics ANA standards of nursing in order: (1-6) 1. Assessment 2. Diagnosis 3. Outcomes ID 4. Planning 5. Implementation 6. Evaluation Benner: From novice to expert levels: (5) 1. novice- beginning nursing student who encounters a situation they have never dealt with 2. advanced beginner- a nurse who has some level of experience with the situation tent- nurse who has been in the same clinical position for 2-3 years 4. proficient- nurse with more than 2-3 years of experience in the same clinical position 5. Expert- a nurse with diverse experience who has an intuitive grasp on existing or potential or clinical problem Integrates best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care: Evidence Based Practice newer term that describes the study of all genes in a person and interactions of these genes with one another and with that person's environment: genomics Managed Care Organization (MCO) focuses on health maintenance, primary care. All care is provided by a primary care physician. Referral is needed to see a specialist. Prefered Provider Organization (PPO) limits enrollee's to a list of "preferred" hospitals, physicians, and providers. Enrollee pays more out of pocket expenses for using a provider not on the list. Medicare Parts Federally administered, US residents 65+ Medicaid Federally funded, state operated, low income familes Private Insurance policies are typically expensive, deductibles Long-term care (LTC) very expensive nursing homes, skilled nursing, intermediate, or custodial care State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) Federally Funded, state-operated, uninsured children not poor enough for medicaid. Health services pyramid from base to top (5): 1 (bottom)- population-based health care services 2- clinical preventive services 3- primary health care 4-secondary health care 5- tertiary care (top) Examples of secondary acute care: emergancy care, acute medical-surgical care, radiological procedures for adcute problems (xrays, CT scans) examples of tertiary care: intensive care, subacute care examples of restorative care: cardio and pulm. rehab ortho rehab sports medicine spinal cord injury programs home care examples of continuing care assisted living psychiatric and older adult daycare examples of primary care (health promotion): prenatal and baby-well care nutrition counseling family planning exercise classes primary health care focuses on: improved health outcomes for an entire population goals of restorative care: help individuals regain maximal functional status and enhance QOL through promotion of independence and self-care _________ restores a person to the fullest physical, mental, social, vocational, and economic potential possible. Rehabilitation Respite Care: a service that provides short-term relief or "time off" for people providing home care to an individual who is ill, disabled, or frail concepts of patient-centered care include: respect and dignity, sharing information, participation in care and care decisions, and collaborations Health care organizations are evaluated on: the basis of outcomes such as prevention of complications, patients' functional outcomes, and patient satisfaction the 5 social determinants of health: gy and genetics (sex and age) idual behavior (alcohol, drugs, smoking) l environment (income, gender, discrimination) cal environment (where they live) 5. health services (access to quality health care and having health insurance) public health nursing focuses on: understanding the needs of a population or collection of individuals who have one or more environmental characteristics in common ________________ is nursing practice in the community with the primary focus on health care of individuals, families, and groups of the community. community health nursing Describe community-based nursing takes place in community settings such as a home or clinic, where nurses focus on the needs of an individual or family List some situations that may make someone considered "vulnerable" poverty older adults homeless immigrants abusive relationships substance abusers people with severe mental illness True or False: Health care vulnerability can affect all ages of people true True or false: Patients who are vulnerable often have varied cultures, different beliefs and values, face language and literacy barriers, and have few sources for social support. True 3 main guidelines for assessing members of vulnerable population groups: 1. set the stage (get to know important details about their culture, create a comfortable, nonthreatening environment) 2.Nursing History of an individual or family 3. Physical exam and home assessment 4 risk factors of an abusive relationship: mental health problems substance abuse socioeconomic stressors dysfunctional family relationships A community-based nurse is also a change agent. What does this mean? to identify and implement new and more effective approaches to problems Why is patient advocacy important in community based nursing? patients often need someone to walk them through the system and identify where to go for services, how to reach out to the appropriate authority, which services to request, and how to follow through with the info. they receive. Nurses in community based care play the role of a counselor. What does this mean? A counselor helps a patient identify and clarify problems and choose appropriate courses of action to solve those problems What does a nurse do as an epidemiologist? As an epidemiologist, you are involved in case finding, health teaching, and tracking indecent rates of an illness. define a phenomenon: term, description, or label given to describe an idea or responses about an event, a situation, a process, a group of events, or a group of situations. def. of concepts: ideas and mental images The domain is the: perspective or territory of a profession or discipline A pattern of beliefs used to describe the domain of a discipline: paradigm The _________ allows nurses to understand and explain what nursing is, what nursing does, and why nurses do what they do. nursing metaparadigm Correlation of theory from most abstract to least abstract (3) 1. Grand Theories (most abstract) 2. Middle range theories 3. Practice theories characteristics of grand theories: broad and scope and complex characteristics of middle range theories: limited in scope and less abstract characteristics of practice theories: situation specific, bring theory to bedside def. of descriptive theories: describe phenomena and identify circumstances in which the phenomena occur definiton of prescriptive theories: address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict the consequences def of a shared theory: explains a phenomenon to the discipline that developed the theory Nightingale's Environmental Theory Nightingale believed nurses should be able to manipulate a patient's environment so nature is able to restore a patient to health Peplau's Interpersonal Theory nurses develop therapeutic relationships with patients that are respectful, empathetic, and non-judgmental. Henderson's Theory: principles and practice of nursing Johnson's Theory Behavioral System Neuman's Theory: systems Abdellah's Theory: patient centered care Levine's Theory Conservation King's Theory: goal attainment Erickson-Tomlin-Swain's Theory Modeling/role modeling Watson's Theory caring Rogers/Parase/Neuman Theory: Unitary Beings/Human Becoming/Expanding conciousness Benner's Theory skill acquisation Kolcaba's theory comfort Pender's theory Health Promotion American Association of Critical-Care nurses' theory: Synergy Eakes, Burke and Hainsworth Theory of Chronic Sorrow: Uncertainty in illness Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory Chronic Sorrow Leininger's Cultural Care Theory major concept: cultural diversity and the goal of nursing care is to provide a patient with culturally specific nursing care Evidence Based Practice: problem-solving approach that integrates the conscientious use of best evidence in combination with a clinician's expertise and patient preferences and values in making decisions about patient care 7 steps of evidence based practice: 0. cultivate a spirit of inquiry 1. ask a clinical Q in PICOT format 2. search for the most relevant and best evidenc 3. critically appraise the evidence you gather 4. integrate all evidence w/ clinical experience and patient values 5. evaluate the outcomes of practice or changes using evidence 6. share the outcomes with others Problem focused trigger: Q you face while caring for a patient or a trend you see on a nursing unit