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Samenvatting Present perfect (Hogeschooltaal Engels)
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Present perfect (Hogeschool taaltoets Engels)
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Present perfectLet op: Veel talen hebben vormen die qua constructie lijken op de present perfect, maar wees
voorzichtig want de present perfect wordt vaak op een andere manier gebruikt in het Engels.
[B1] Hoe gebruik je de present perfect?
De present perfect wordt in het Engels in drie verschillende situaties gebruikt:
a. Je gebruikt de present perfect om uit te drukken dat het resultaat van een gebeurtenis in het
verleden nu nog merkbaar of van belang is.
The nurse has given the patient his medicine, so he is not in pain now.
Have you pruned the roses? They look lovely.
b. Je gebruikt de present perfect ook om uit te drukken dat iets in het verleden is begonnen en nu
nog steeds voortduurt (‘toen en nu nog steeds’). Vaak vind je een tijdsbepaling in de zin,
zoals: since (sinds), lately (de laatste tijd), for ... weeks/months.
Mark has lived in Groningen since he started his accountancy degree last summer.
My colleagues and I have spent a few days working on this project.
Let op: in het Nederlands gebruik je in dit soort zinnen de tegenwoordige tijd (present simple).
Mark has lived in Groningen since he started his accountancy degree last summer.
Mark woont in Groningen sinds hij afgelopen zomer met zijn accountancyopleiding is begonnen.
c. Je gebruikt de present perfect ook om te vertellen over ervaringen van jezelf of iemand anders.
Vooral in Brits-Engels vind je dan woorden als already (al), just (net), never (nooit) of yet (nog) in de
zin. (Let op: already, just en never zet je tussen have/has en het voltooid deelwoord, maar het
woord still zet je op een andere plek. Bij B2 leer je daar meer over.)
He has already seen the lecture slides, because they were put online this morning.
I have just submitted my proposal for next year’s project.
She's never met the company's CEO.
The new co-worker has not been to the marketing department yet.
Haven’t you read last year’s sales report yet?
Let op: De culturele verschillen tussen het V.K. en de V.S. zijn ook duidelijk in het gebruik van de past
simple en present perfect. De verschillen hebben vooral te maken met de beschouwing van tijd en
wat wordt benadrukt.
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