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Samenvatting Past perfect (Hogeschooltaal Engels)
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Past perfect (Hogeschool taaltoets Engels)
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Past perfect[B1] Je maakt de past perfect met had gevolgd door een voltooid deelwoord (zie irregular
verbs en doubling of consonants). Je plaatst bijwoorden zoals already, always, just,
ever of never vóór het voltooid deelwoord.
She had checked the patient before she gave her the injection.
Jim had never seen his boss so angry before the meeting yesterday.
Had they ever refused to help him before today?
Sebastian insisted that he hadn’t received the memo.
Je gebruikt de past perfect om uit te drukken dat een gebeurtenis plaatsvond in het verleden
(= 1 past perfect) vóór een andere gebeurtenis in het verleden (= 2 past simple). De gebeurtenis die
als eerste plaatsvond, wordt in de past perfect weergegeven. De gebeurtenis die daarna plaatsvond,
wordt in de past simple weergegeven.
verleden nu toekomst
1 2
<----x------x----------I----------------------------->
Vaak gebruiken we in het Nederlands in dit soort zinnen twee keer de verleden tijd (past simple),
maar soms is er geen verschil.
She had lived in Aberdeen for six months (1) before she came to Manchester (2).
Ze woonde zes maanden in Aberdeen (1) voordat ze naar Manchester kwam (2).
He asked (2) if I had seen the film yesterday (1).
Hij vroeg (2) of ik gisteren de film had gezien (1)
Dus je gebruikt de past perfect:
1. Om uit te drukken dat iets in het verleden gebeurde of klaar was vóór iets anders in het verleden.
Je gebruikt dan vaak when + past simple en de past perfect. Soms kun je
ook before of after gebruiken.
When Mary decided to quit her job on Monday afternoon (2) she had already heard (1) the news
about the merger earlier that morning.
Toen Mary besloot haar baan op te zeggen op maandagmiddag (2) had ze het nieuws van de
fusie al gehoord (1).
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