soul beliefs exam 1 with complete solution
hunter-gatherer
focused on survival, living day-by-day, not concerned with the afterlife
egalitarian
everyone has authority, no one tells anyone what to do
ancestor worship
brought tribes together through rituals and prayer to the deceased
rituali...
soul beliefs exam 1 with complete solution
hunter-gatherer
focused on survival, living day-by-day, not concerned with the afterlife
egalitarian
everyone has authority, no one tells anyone what to do
ancestor worship
brought tribes together through rituals and prayer to the deceased
ritualized music
brought tribes together through dance, bonding and coming together. a way to survive
immediate return system
minimum attention to the future, eat it now, not later
Hadza tribe
grow no food, raise no livestock, without rules and calendars, hunter and gatherer
society for more than 10,000 years in Africa
Piraha tribe
Amazon tribe. Fiercely Egalitaria, immediate return system, "getting ahead" is not a part
of their world view
Gilgamesh
King of Uruk Mesopotamia, demigod of superhuman strength, man who seemed
immortality
Ancient Egypt
three essential elements of a person: Ka soul, Ba soul, Akh
Ka soul
A person's double, separated from the body at death
ba soul
part of the soul that could travel between the worlds of living and dead
Akh
spirit that survived death and mingled with the gods
Homer
Greek author of the Lilad and the Oddessey in the 8th century
Pythagoras
Greek philosopher, started his own religion "pythaoreanism"--the belief based on music,
astronomy, and math
dualism
in philosophy, mind/body separation
monism
theory that denies the existence of dualist
irrational element
governed by our lower animalistic appetites, animalistic part of the soul
rational element
governed by higher reason, enables us to reason
ritual salvation
the first path to salvation in Hinduism
monotheism
belief in one G-D
, polytheism
beliefs in many gods
monolatry
accepting the existence of the gods of defeated nations by allowing them to be
worshiped. allowing a group to keep a religion, allowing a nation that is controlled by
another to worship their own G-D
Plato
Greek philosopher, believed in recycled souls similar to Hinduism. The soul is immortal;
after death, the soul retains essential parts of a person; a true philosopher is concerned
with the soul and not the body; the soul is perfect, but can be contaminated by the body
(the body isn't a happy place for the soul); "will" allows one to choose the "better" or
"worse" part of the soul
Aristotle
Greek philosopher, believed that the soul is what gives every living organism the floor
plan to become what it is, is it the formative principle in every living thing, the body
exists for the soul. Studied under Plato, souls give us ability to imagine other realities,
rational soul, the soul doesn't exist without the body, but doesn't exist for the body either
Hesiod
Alternative to Hades, warriors are sent to the Isle of Blest where eternal life is good.
Came up with description of isles of the Blest in 7th century BCE. Claims there is an
afterlife and there's no suffering, sorrow or death but only people with the right
credentials are admitted to this land of paradise. The good life was only available to
heroes who were killed in war combat. Story of "The blessed" (Isle of Blest)
Christianity
People born into the world of sin, salvation through Jesus Christ, final judgement day,
eternal damnation vs. salvation
Islam
There is no G-D but G-D. We are born pure and at death we are visited by two angels.
Soul gets final judgement on day of resurrection
Hinduism
Not a single religion, no particular founder or clear time of origin, ultimate goal is to seek
release from the cycle of rebirths and attain union with ultimate reality
Judaism
Day of judgement with the garden of eden and gehinnom (hell). G-D is the hallmark of
monotheism. the one and only G-D that controls everything
Buddhism
World's third or fourth most popular religion. The four noble truths. Everything is always
changing, and this moment exists, the soul does not exist
caused behavior
caused by someone's brain chemistry, not in their control
intended behavior
behavior that is intentionally done and thought out
Naïve Dualism
an individual's actions are determined either psychologically, by their intentions, or
biologically by the physical laws that govern their brains
Galileo
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