Petals in multiples of 4 or 5, distinct petals and sepals
Example:
Geum 'Totally Tangerine'
Daphne bholua 'Jacqueline Postill'
Monocotyledonous Leaves
Smooth margins, parallel venation, no petiole, stomata evenly distributed on upper and lower surface.
Dicotyledonous Leaves
A range of margins, various venations, have petioles, more stomata on underside than upper surface.
,Monocotyledonous Roots
Fibrous root systems, adventitious
Dicotyledonous Roots
Central root tap derived from the radicle with laterals branching from it. Can also have a fibrous root
system.
Example:
Rosa 'The Generous Gardener'
Osmosis
Movement of water from a high water (low solute) concentration to a low water (high solute)
concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.
Found in root hair cells via the symplast pathway through the plasmodesmata.
Diffusion
Movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low
concentration.
Functions of water in a plant
Creates cell tugor thus enabling cell expansion; controls the opening and closing of stomata; enables
uptake and transport of minerals and sugars; photosynthesis; dissolve substances; triggers germination.
, Woody vs. Herbaceous Stems
Woody stems undergo secondary thickening; develop bark (herbaceous retain epidermis); have central
cylinder of xylem and phloem (herbacous arrange in a ring of vascular bundles).
Perennation
The storage of starch over winter for new plant growth in the spring.
Examples:
Rhizome
Tuber
Bulb
Chloroplast
An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs.
Mineral Nutrients and Photosynthesis
Too much or too little will reduce the rate. Too high = plasmolysis. Too little = chlorosis.
Temperature and Photosynthesis
Too low slows rate. Too high causes wilting reducing rate. Stomata closes and reduces carbon dioxide.
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